恶性黑素瘤的治疗现状及展望

Treatment of malignant melanoma： present status and prospects

恶性黑素瘤是一种恶性肿瘤,多发生于皮肤.随着恶性黑素瘤发病率和死亡率的增加,其治疗成为一项极具挑战性并对人类健康具有重大意义的任务.对恶性黑素瘤发病机制及分级分期的深入认识,使个体化及规范化治疗显得尤为重要.临床上黑素瘤的治疗多根据原发性或转移性制定不同的方案.传统的手术治疗、化疗、放疗联合近年来新的免疫治疗以及快速发展的分子靶向治疗已改善了恶性黑素瘤患者的预后.

Malignant melanoma is a highly malignant tumor,which mostly occurs in skin.Along with the increase in its incidence and mortality year by year,the treatment of malignant melanoma is becoming a challenge and an important mission.Further insights into its pathogenesis,grading and staging have highlighted the importance of individualized and standardized treatment.In clinical practice,treatment strategies for melanomas are decided according to whether they are primary or metastatic.Traditional treatments such as surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,newly emerging immunotherapy and rapidly developing molecular targeted therapy have improved the prognosis of malignant melanoma.