儿童金黄色葡萄球菌播散感染14例临床分析

Disseminated Staphylococcus aureus infection in children: a clinical analysis of 14 cases

目的总结儿童金黄色葡萄球菌播散感染(DSAI)的临床特点及治疗。方法回顾分析2006年1月至2013年12月住院治疗的14例DSAI患儿的临床表现、治疗及转归资料。结果 14例DSAI患儿均为社区获得性感染,起病中位年龄15个月(6 d^13岁),男女各半;患儿均有发热,除发热外的首发症状为皮肤软组织感染6例,肢体、关节肿痛5例;白细胞计数、C反应蛋白明显升高。化脓性感染部位为皮肤软组织者12例(85.7%)、肺部12例(85.7%)、骨骼4例、关节3例、中枢神经系统3例、心包1例;其中皮肤软组织合并肺部感染10例(71.4%)。9例行皮肤软组织脓肿切排术,3例行关节清创后封闭负压引流(VSD)术,3例行骨髓炎病灶清除后VSD术,3例行胸腔闭式引流术。所有患儿均使用万古霉素和/或利奈唑胺抗感染,5例辅以利福平,11例联合丙种球蛋白调节免疫治疗。12例(85.7%)临床治愈及好转。结论皮肤软组织、骨骼及关节感染是DSAI的主要诱发因素;在应用有效抗生素基础上,辅以丙种球蛋白可能有更佳效果。

Objective To study the disseminated Staphylococcus aureus infection （DSAI） in children. Method Clinical features, treatment and prognosis data of 14 children with DSAI admitted to Yuying Children’s Hospital Afifliated to Wenzhou Medical University from January 2006 to December 2013 was retrospectively reviewed. Results 14 children with DSAI occurred in community, median age：15m （range 6d–13y）;50%male （7 cases）. All patients presented with fever. Addition to fever, the ifrst symptom was skin and soft tissue infections （SSTIs,6 cases） as well as limb and/or joint pain （5 cases）. Among children with DSAI, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein values increased signiifcantly. Pyogenic infection site were skin and soft tissue in 12 cases （85.7%）, pulmonary （12 cases）, bone （4 cases）, joint （3 cases）, central nervous system （3 case）, and pericardium （1 case）. SSTIs concurrent with pulmonary infection was found in 10 cases （71.4%）. Incision and drainage of skin and soft tissue abscesses were performed in 9 cases, joint debridement and vacuum sealing drainage （VSD） in 3 cases, osteomyelitis debridement and VSD in 3 cases, and closed chest drainage in 3 cases. All cases received vancomycin and/or linezolid treatment, 5 cases supplemented by rifampicin, and intravenous immune globulin therapy was administered in 11 cases. Clinical manifestations were cured or improved in 12 cases （85.7%）. Conclusions Clinical diagnosis of DSAI in children needs to be vigilant. SSTIs, bone and joint infections were major precipitating factors. Intravenous immune globulin therapy was supplemented to the application of antibiotics, which might get better clinical outcomes in children.