论国际体育仲裁院实体法律适用机制的特殊性

Characteristics of the Application Mechanism of Substantive Laws of CAS

国际体育仲裁院的实体法律适用与一般法律适用理论以及国际民商事仲裁的实践相比,存在一定的特殊性。主要表现为:国际体育仲裁院针对不同的仲裁程序设置了不同的实体法律适用规则;当事人在选择法律时,存在隐性限制;在适用法律的形态上,体育规则和国际体育仲裁院的自身判例成为独特且重要的方面;瑞士法成为适用范围最广的国家法;存在国家法的"适而不用"以及仲裁庭自由裁量权在不同仲裁程序中的大小分布现象。这些特殊性的形成,缘于国际体育法法律规则体系建构的特殊性、国际体育规则适用的至上性、体育法律关系性质的双重性、体育争议的类型化与趋同化,以及争议解决途径的相对集中性。客观而言,国际体育仲裁院的实体法律适用机制是一个充分建立在国际体育社会的特殊性与实践需要基础上的自治机制,但也从侧面体现出国际体育法之治存在体育规则和欧洲法律体系之治不平衡的一面。

There are certain characteristics of application mechanism of substantive laws of CAS, when compared with general choice of law theories and the practices of international civil and commercial arbitration, such as the CAS sets up different applicable law rules in different procedures; there are tacit limitation when the parties make a choice of law; sports rules and CAS cases become unique and important part of substantive laws ; the national law applied mostly is Swiss law; it also exists the situation that the applicable national law don＇t actually applied in the case and the discretion of the panel is not the same in different procedures. The reasons of these characteristics lie in the special construction of the international sports law; the supremacy of application of sport rules; the dual nature of sports law relationship; the typed and convergence of sports disputes and the concentration of sports dispute settlement approaches. Objectively to say, the mechanism, which based on the particularity of international sports world and the need of practice, is self-consistent, but it still reflects the unbalance in applicable laws for the great possibility of applying sports rules and European laws.