网络心理咨询:含义、类型及其发展

The Definition,Types and Development of Internet Psychological Counseling

网络心理咨询是心理咨询的一种新形式,是咨询师运用心理咨询理论与方法,以网络技术为媒介,解决来访者的心理问题,帮助其成长和发展的过程。根据不同的分类方式,网络心理咨询可分为即时性咨询和非即时性咨询,也可分为电子邮件咨询、BBS咨询、QQ咨询、MSN咨询、微信咨询、博客咨询、聊天室咨询、网络电话咨询、网络语音咨询、网络视频咨询等,也可分为文本互动咨询、语音互动咨询和视频互动咨询,还可分为自助咨询、个体咨询和团体咨询,其中即时文本互动咨询和电子邮件咨询是最主要的形式。

Internet counseling is a newform of psychological counseling. It is a process that counselors use the theories and methods of psychological counseling to solve the clients' psychological problems for their healthy growth and development,with the network technology as a medium. There are 4ways to classify the internet psychological counseling. The first one is to classify it into real-time counseling and non- concurrent counseling; the second classification is based on different means of counseling such as E-mail,BBS,QQ,MSN,micro letter consulting,blogs,chat rooms,network telephone,network voice,network video counseling,etc.; the third one is the classification on various forms of counseling such as text,voice and video interactive counseling; the last one is to classify it into self- help, individual and group counseling. Real- time text interactive counseling and E- mail counseling are the main ones among all of the forms above. Internet psychological counseling appeared officially nearly in the early 1990 s,when online services of mental health counseling arose in the United States of America. At present,it has been made great development around the world and has been widely applied.