论马克思主义与民族特色张力关系的科学形塑

Scientific Shaping of the Tension between Marxism and National Characteristics

赋予马克思主义理论鲜明的民族特色就是科学处理马克思主义理论质的规定性与民族特色之间的张力关系,是理论的普遍性通过民族国家实践的特殊性得以呈现,并且赋予理论新的内涵。在国际共产主义运动史上,关于马克思主义民族化的争论其实是政治与经济因素双向同构的结果,批评马克思主义民族化概念于理论或实践都是不可取的。民族特色并不仅仅是传统文化的指称,也应该包含民族国家、地区特有的政治、经济等因素在内。马克思主义与民族特色相结合,不仅仅赋予民族性的表达形式,更多地是为了实现与现实实践的结合。一方面,马克思主义理论的普遍性必须在具有民族特色的具体形式中才能加以表述;另一方面,综合考虑民族特点基础上形成的具体实践经验的理论提升为丰富、发展马克思主义理论提供了新的"质料",为马克思主义理论赋予新的民族性内容。

To bestow distinctive national characteristics to Marxist theories is to scientifically ease the tension between the inbuilt nature of Marxist theories and national characteristics. It is the presentation of theoretical uni- versality through practical particularities, which bestow new contents to theories, by nation states. In the history of international communist movement, debates on the nationalization of Marxism are actually the results of bidirectional isomorphism between political and economic factors. Criticisms against the concept of the nationalization of Marxism are undesirable either theoretically or practically. National characteristics refer not only to traditional culture, but also to particular political and economic factors of nation states or regions. The integration of Marxism and national characteristics not only bestows expressive forms to national characteristics, but also aims at realizing integrating with realistic practice. On the one hand, the universality of Marxist theories can be expressed only through specific forms that have national characteristics. On the other hand, theoretical sublimation of specific practical experiences based on comprehensive consideration of national characteristics provides new ＂ materials＂ to enrich and develop Marxist theories, and bestows new national contents for Marxist theories.