嵌入性视角下的市场、组织与国家——关于一个客运组织形成运营过程的实践分析

Market,Organization,and State in the Perspective of Embeddedness: A Practical Analysis of the Performance Process Formation of a Passenger Transportation Organization

基于改革开放后中国社会市场经济运行的经验研究,通过对一个客运群体经济行为的考察可以发现,经济行为本质上是一种社会行为,并"嵌入"特定的社会情境之中。"嵌入"过程在形式上表现为一种组织制度的生成;实质上则体现着市场、行政、社会、文化传统等诸要素综合作用的结果。经济行为对其所处社会环境的嵌入是一个动态的过程,它由外在的市场实践、社会转型以及同时发生的行动者的形变为其提供支撑。这一过程同时也体现了社会个体采用组织化的方式,作为应对转型社会中的行政力量的影响和市场竞争的策略性选择。

Based on the empirical studies of the performance of market economy in China after the reform and opening - up, through survey of the economic behaviors of a passenger transportation group, it is observed that eco- nomic behaviors are in essence social behaviors that are ＂embedded＂ in specific social backgrounds. The ＂embed- ding＂ process is formally expressed as growth of an organizational institution while essentially embodies the result of the synthesis of various factors such as market, administration, society, and cultural traditions. The embeddedness of economic behaviors into their social background is a dynamic process, which is sustained by external market practice, social transition and simultaneous actor transformation. This process also embodies the strategic choices by individuals to cope with the administrative influence and market competition in a transitional society employing the method of organizing.