汶川地震5年后灾区居民社会支持现状

Social Support of Residents from Disaster Area Five Years Later after Wenchuan Earthquake

目的了解汶川地震5年后灾区居民社会支持状况,为灾后长期的社会支持系统维护提供依据。方法采用肖水源编制的社会支持评定量表(SSRS)调查四川省汉源县地震灾区500位居民。结果汶川地震5年后灾区居民社会支持总体水平仍高于全国一般水平(P<0.001);男性的支持利用度情况显著差于女性(t=-3.634,P<0.001);未成年人的主观支持水平显著低于成年人(t=-2.317,P<0.05);少数民族的客观支持状况优于汉族(t=-2.074,P<0.05);总体上学历越高社会支持状况越好,大学本科学历者的社会支持状况普遍好于其他低学历者(P<0.05);公务员或事业单位人员的社会支持水平显著高于其他职业人群,有着明显优势(P<0.05);已婚者的总社会支持、客观支持和主观支持水平都要超过未婚者(t=2.559,3.075,3.070;P<0.05),而在支持利用度方面未婚者则要好于已婚者(t=2.622,P<0.05);地震中不同受损程度的人在社会支持总体及各维度上没有显著差异。结论相对于女性、成年人、高学历者、已婚者和公务员事业单位人员等,地震灾区的男性、未成年人、低学历者、未婚者和知识分子等人群的社会支持状况较差。在地震灾害的远期救助中应特别关注这些群体的社会支持情况。

Objective To investigate the social support status of residents in the disaster area ,and provide a scientific basis for social support system maintenance .Methods Social support rating scale （ SSRS） was used to assess 500 residents from Hanyuan County Si-chuan province .Results The residents total score of social support was still beyond the national average five years after Wenchuan Earthquake（P〈0.001）;There was significant difference on the use of support between male and female （t=-3.634,P〈0.001）;Com-pared with the score of adults,the score of minors on subjective support was significantly lower （t=-2.317,P〈0.05）;The minorities ob-jective support were better than Han people （t=-2.074,P〈0.05）;On the whole,the higher the degree the better social support condi-tion,the social support condition of college grades was generally better than less -educated people（Ps〈0.05）;The level of social sup-port for civil servants and institution personnel was significantly higher than other occupations with distinct advantages （Ps〈0.05）;The overall level of social support for married people exceeded the unmarried ,also included objective and subjective support （ t =2.559, 3.075,3.070;P〈0.05）,the use of support was just the opposite （t=2.622,P〈0.05）;There were no significant differences among levels of affected people in the overall and each dimension .Conclusion We should pay special attention to the status of social support for male,minors,poorly-educated people ,singles and intellectuals in the long -term relief after earthquake .