基于原型特征因果关系的归纳推理研究

The Role of Causal Relations between New Property and Prototype Property in Induction

两个实验探讨新特征与类别原型特征之间存在因果关系时,因果关系对归纳推理的影响。实验1探讨不同典型性条件下,新特征与原型特征间的因果关系对归纳推理的影响。实验2探讨不同多样性条件下,新特征与原型特征间的因果关系对归纳推理的影响。研究结果表明,当新特征与原型特征之间存在因果关系时,因果关系会影响归纳推理的力度,但样例典型性和多样性仍是影响人们归纳推理的重要因素。

Two experiments investigated the causal relationship between novel property and prototype property in induction. Experiment 1 assessed how the causal relationship between novel property and prototype property moderated the effect of typicality on category - based generalizations, while Experimeni 2 explored how the presence of the causal relationship between novel property and prototype property moderated the diversity effect. Results of Experiment 1 showed when there was no causal relation between novel property and prototype property;participants chose to make responses based on typicality. And in the causal relationship condition, two -thirds participants were still sensitive to the typicality of premise exemplar and one - third participants made induction based on the causal relationship between novel property and prototype property. In Experiment 2, when there were no causal relations between novel property and prototype property, typical diversity effect was found. And in causal relationship condition, one half participants inducted based on the causal relationship between novel property and prototype properties.