环境因素对玉米植株性状的影响

Effects of Environmental Factors on Plant Traits in Maize

[目的]分析江苏地区玉米品种植株性状的相关性,并探讨环境因素对玉米植株性状的影响。[方法]在江苏盐城大丰市开展玉米植株性状相关性试验,采用随机区组试验设计,播种密度6.75万株/hm2;在江苏省宿迁市沭阳县、连云港赣榆县和徐州丰县开展环境因素对玉米植株性状的影响试验,播种密度6.75万株/hm2。[结果]比较不同品种的植株性状,发现不同类型的品种间穗下节间数、穗上节间数、地上总节数、株高、穗位高等植株性状显著不同;品种的生育期与植株的地上总节数和穗下节数呈极显著正相关,株高与植株的总节数呈显著正相关,穗位高与植株的穗下节数呈显著相关。对3个地点的植株性状和环境因素分析后发现,穗上节数受环境影响小,积温与株高、地上总节数呈极显著正相关,积温与穗位高呈显著正相关;降雨量与株高、穗位高、穗上节数、穗下节数、地上总节数呈正相关,其中与株高呈显著正相关。[结论]该研究可为江苏省玉米新品种选育及高产栽培提供参考。

[Objective] Relevancy of plant traits of different maize varieties in Jiangsu was analyzed,and impact of environmental factors on plant traits explored.[Method] Relevancy test of maize plant traits was conducted in Dafeng,Yancheng City,Jiangsu Province by adopting randomized block test,and sowing density was 67 500 plants/hm2 ; impact test of environmental factors on maize plant traits was conducted in Shuyang County （Suqian City）,Ganyu County （Lianyungang City）,Fengxian County （Xuzhou City）,sowing density was 67 500 plants/hm2.[Result] Plant traits of different varieties were compared,below-ear internode number,above-ear internode number,aboveground node number,plant height,ear height of different varieties varied greatly ; growth season showed extremely significant positive correlation with aboveground node number and below-ear internode number,plant height showed significant positive correlation with total node number,ear height showed significant positive correlation with below-ear internode number.By studying plant traits and environmental factors in the 3 locations,it was found that above-ear internode number was less impacted by environment,accumulated temperature showed extremely significant positive correlation with plant height and aboveground total node number,accumulated temperature and ear height showed significant positive correlation; precipitation showed positive correlation with ear height,above-ear internode,below-ear internode,aboveground total node number,and significant positive correlation with plant height.[Conclusion] The study provides references for the new varieties breeding and high-yield cultivation of maize in Jiangsu.