动物脂肪组织的分化起源

The Differentiation Origin of Animal Adipose

动物脂肪组织是机体重要的器官,主要负责能量的储存和代谢,同时分泌多种脂肪细胞因子(adipokines)参与机体生理功能的调控。脂肪组织的功能紊乱与人类的肥胖病、糖尿病以及代谢综合症密切相关,多年以来动物脂肪组织的细胞分化起源一直是研究的热点。白色脂肪、棕色脂肪和肌肉组织都来源于机体的间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs),长期以来,人们一直以为白色脂肪和棕色脂肪的分化起源更加亲近,但随着对棕色脂肪分化机制的深入研究,发现白色脂肪和棕色脂肪在早期发育阶段有着不同的前体细胞,而棕色脂肪组织与肌肉组织的分化支系更加亲近。以往的脂肪分化研究往往利用基质血管组分(stromal vascular fractions,SVF)或肌卫星细胞等混合细胞群作为实验材料,随着流式细胞仪、转基因动物模型和干细胞表面标志抗原识别等技术的发展,使我们可以从这样的混合细胞群中分离得到纯的前体脂肪细胞系,从而提示我们之前的研究可能过高的估计了这样的混合细胞群体的活体分化潜能。进一步深入研究动物脂肪组织的分化起源,有助于我们理解机体脂肪沉积的具体机制,从而为治疗脂肪代谢相关疾病以及提高动物肉品品质提供理论依据。

Adipose is an important organ,and it is responsible for the storage and metabolism of energy as well as it participates the regulation of numerous physiological functions by secreting adipokines.Obesi-ty,diabetes and lots of metabolic syndromes are connected with the dysfunction of adipose,and the differ-entiation origin of adipose are always research hotpots in recent years.White adipose,brown adipose and skeletal muscle are all derived from mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs）.For a long time,white adipose and brown adipose are thought to be more close in differentiation origin,but more studies show that white adi-pose and brown adipose process different pre-adipocytes in early development stages,and the differentia-tion origin of brown adipose and skeletal muscle are more close.We used to use stromal vascular fractions （SVF）and muscle satellite cells as materials in study of adipose differentiation,now it is possible to isolate and purify the preadipocytes from these mixed cell populations with the development of experimental tech-nologies including flow cytometer,transgenic animal model and the recognition of marker antigen from stem cells.These studies suggest that the differentiation potential of these mixed cell populations may be overvalued before.Further investigations on the differentiation origin of animal adipose is helpful for un-derstanding the mechanisms of adipose deposition,which may provide theoretical bases for the cure of adi-pose metabolism related diseases and improving of meat quality in animal breeding.