扎龙湿地恢复过程中物种组成及其多样性比较

The comparison of species composition and diversity in the process of restoration in Zhalong wetland

为了了解扎龙湿地实施长效补水机制后生态系统恢复现状,揭示生态系统恢复过程中的内在机制,试验采用单位面积取样方法,对扎龙湿地干湿交替带不同演替系列过程中典型群落的物种组成及其多样性进行比较。结果表明:扎龙湿地干湿交替带沿高低梯度分布6种群落类型,群落中物种数量、生活型、所属科均存在一定差异并表现出一致的规律性;物种丰富度指数在杂类草群落最高,芦苇群落中最低;物种均匀度指数在单优的羊草群落、芦苇群落中较低,在非单优种群落中较高;辛普森、香农-威纳多样性指数在杂类草群落最高,芦苇群落中最低。物种数量、物种丰富度指数、辛普森和香农-威纳多样性指数在各演替系列间均较好地符合y=a+bx(P<0.01)直线关系。说明实施长效人工补水后,湿地缺水现象得到根本缓解,以中旱生植物(羊草)为优势种的群落将逐渐被以水生植物(芦苇)为优势种的群落所代替,群落中物种的组成和多样性具有明显的干湿更替过程。

To know the status of ecological restoration of Zhalong Wetland after implementation of the long - term mechanism for supplementing water, and reveal the intrinsic mechanism of ecosystem in recovery process. The sampling method per unit area was used to compare the species composition and diversity in typical communities of the area of dry/wet alternation in different succession series in Zhalong Wetland. The result showed that six kinds of community type were distributed along the height gradient of the area of dry/wet alternation in Zhalong Wetland. There are some differences and demonstrated consistency in the number of species, life forms, and the genera. The species richness index was the highest in forbs community, the lowest in Phragmites communis community; species evenness index is low in single -dominant Leymus chinensis community and Phragmites communis community and high in non - single dominant communities. Simpson＇ s diversity index and Shannon - Wiener diversity index were highest in the forbs community, the lowest in the Phragmites communis community. The number of species, index of species richness, Simpson＇s diversity index and Shannon - Wiener diversity index among different succession series were consistent with y = a ＋ bx （ P 〈 0.01 ） linear relationship. The results indicate that after the implementation of long - term artificially supplementing water, and the phenomenon of water shortages in Zhalong Wetland has been fundamentally relieved. The community dominated by aquatic plants （ Phragmites communis） is gradually replacing the community dominated by the xerophytes （ Leymus chinqnsis）. The composition and diversity of the species in the communities have obvious dry/wet alternation process.