我国亲子关系立法的体例与构造

System and Construction of the Legislation on Parentage in China

我国民法法典化进程中的亲子关系立法完善,既要以本土立法经验和文化传承为基础,又要借鉴其他国家的立法改革成果。中国近现代民事立法向大陆法系靠拢的历史表明,亲子关系立法从体例结构到制度构造的完善,确有以大陆法系主要国家立法改革为镜鉴之必要。20世纪以来,法、德两国通过对子女在家庭中独立人格和主体地位的确认,实现了亲子法从"父母本位"向"子女本位"的转变,凸显了平等与非歧视这一当代亲子关系立法的基本价值取向。我国亲子关系的立法完善,在体例上需改变目前婚姻法、收养法、民法通则"三分天下"的局面;在内容上,急需建立亲子关系确认这一基础性制度,还需引入父母照顾权、未成年子女家庭权概念,并予以详细列举。

During the codification of Civil Law, improving the legislation on Parentage should not only be based on local legislative experiences and cultural tradition, but also make reference to other countries＇ achievements. The history of China＇ s modern and contemporary civil legislation, which inches closer to the continental law system, demonstrates the necessity of learning from some representative continental law countries＇ legislative experiences on parentage law from structure to the construction of the system. Since the 20th century, both France and Germany have confirmed the independent personality and subject status of children in family, which transformed the nature of parentage law from ＂parent-oriented＂ to ＂child-oriented ＂, and highlighted the ＂ equality and non- discrimination＂ value orientation of contemporary parentage law. As to China＇ s parentage legislation, in structure, it is necessary to alter the situation which divides parentage-related regulations into marriage law, adoption law as well as the General Principles of Civil Law ; in content, it is urgent to establish the fundamental system on parentage confirmation. Besides, China＇ s parentage law should incorporate the concepts of the parents＇ right to care, the child＇ s fight in family, and illustrate the concrete contents of the rights.