针灸对外传播的分期及各时期的特点

Periodization of international spread of acupuncture-moxibustion and their characteristics at each period

将中国针灸对外传播历史划分为3个阶段,并分析其传播特点。第1阶段从公元6世纪前后至15世纪末,主要通过人员往来向周边国家传播,以向朝鲜半岛、日本和越南的传播最成功;第2阶段从16世纪初至1970年,前期由荷兰东印度公司雇员经由印度尼西亚和日本将针灸介绍到欧洲,并引起短暂的小范围流行,还波及到美国和澳大利亚等国,后期通过中国政府派遣的援非医疗队将针灸传播到非洲;第3阶段始于1971年,以中美建交为契机,借助广播、电视和互联网等现代化媒介在全世界范围内快速传播,至今已经传播到140多个国家和地区。对这3个阶段的传播特点进行认真研究必将有助于推动针灸的对外交流和传播,并藉此增进世界各国人民了解和认识博大精深的中国传统文化。

The history of international spread of Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion is divided into three stages in this paper,and the spreading characteristics are analyzed.The first stage is approximately from the 6th century to the end of the 15 th century,during which acupuncture and moxibustion were spread to neighboring countries by personnel exchanges;the spread towards Korean peninsula,Japan and Vietnam was considered the most successful communication.The second stage lasts from the beginning of 16 th century to 1970.At the early time of this stage,the employees of the Dutch East Indian Company introduced acupuncture and moxibustion to European countries through Indonesia and Japan,leading to a short and small fashion;also the United States and Australia were involved.At the late time of this stage,by medical aid teams dispatched by China government,acupuncture and moxibustion were introduced to African countries.The third stage starts from 1971.With the establishment of Sino-US diplomatic relations as an opportunity,acupuncture and moxibustion were being spread rapidly to the world through radio,TV and internet.So far it has been introduced to more than 140 countries and areas.Performing serious studies on the spreading characteristics of three stages will promote the international communication of acupuncture and moxibustion,by which the world will have a better understanding on the broad and profound traditional cultures of China.