生物炭改良土壤机理及其在我国热区应用前景综述

Review of biochar soil improvement mechanism and the application prospect in our country Tropical area

近年来,生物炭在农业废弃物的有效利用、土壤改良、环境修复等方面发挥着重要作用,日益受到国内外研究者的关注。众多研究结果表明:生物炭可以通过改善土壤结构,提高土壤p H和有机质含量,增加土壤养分有效性,提高土壤酶活性,调控土壤微生物环境,进而改良土壤,促进作物生长。本文从生物炭对土壤物理、化学性质、土壤养分、酶活性和土壤微生物的影响等方面,综述生物炭改良土壤的机理。同时结合我国热带亚热带农业生产现状,从原材料供应和土壤环境条件等方面,分析生物炭在我国热带亚热带地区的应用前景,为生物炭的广泛利用及热带亚热带地区土壤改良提供理论参考和借鉴。

Biochar was a solid biomaterials that produced by low temperature （〈700℃ ） pyrolysis from the wood, agricultural residues, plant leaves or other biomass waste in low or zero oxygen environment. Recently, biochar plays an important role in the effective use of agricultural waste, soil amendment, environmental remediation, and an increasingly attention has been paid by researchers at home and abroad. This paper reviews the mechanism of biochar on soil amendment , from the effects on soil physical, chemical properties, soil nutrients, enzyme activity and microorganism. The results show that biochar application to soil can improvement soil and crop growth due to impacts on improvement soil structure , increase soil pH and organic matter content, conditions, combined with the current situation of agricultural production in tropical and subtropical. This review could provide a increase soil nutrient availability, material supply and soil theoretical reference for widespread use of biochar and soil improvement in tropical and subtropical regions.