贸易开放对城镇居民就业的影响--基于中国家庭住户收入调查数据的经验研究

The Impacts of Trade Openness on Urban Residents' Employment:An Empirical analysis based on Chinese Household Income Project

本文运用2007年中国家庭住户收入调查数据(CHIP)检验了贸易开放对城镇居民就业的影响,研究发现贸易开放对城镇居民总体就业具有显著的正向效应。本文进一步验证了贸易开放对劳动者就业结构的影响,结果显示:从劳动者技能水平来看,贸易开放对低技能劳动者就业有负面影响,对中等技能劳动者就业有正面的影响,对高技能劳动者就业影响不显著;从三大产业就业来看,贸易开放对第一产业就业具有显著负面影响,对二、三产业就业具有显著正面影响。第三产业中,贸易开放对生产性服务业就业具有正面影响,对分配和消费性以及社会性服务业就业影响不显著。

Using the data of CHIP 2007,we find that trade openness has a robustly and significantly positive effect on employment. Furthermore,we examine the impact of trade openness on the employment structure. The effect of trade openness on the employment of low-skilled,medium-skilled and high-skilled labors is significantly negative,not significant and significantpositive. For the three major industries,trade openness has a significant negative effect on the employment of the first industry while a significant positive effect on that of the second and third industries. Within the third industry,trade openness has a significant positive effect on the employment of the producer services while aninsignificant effect on that of the distribution and consumer services and social services.