深季节冻土区涵洞热状况分析

Thermal Conditions of Culvert in Deep Seasonally Frozen Region

为分析深季节冻土区涵洞对路基及其下地基热状况的影响,建立了涵洞温度场计算模型,基于已有的试验涵洞监测数据,对比分析了所建模型的可靠性,再在该模型基础上,通过改变材料参数和模型尺寸,进行不同情况下的数值计算。结果表明:模拟季节冻土区涵洞温度场时,需要充分考虑热对流效果,忽略填土热对流效果是不合适的,考虑热对流效果的模型在定性和定量上均与现场监测情况一致;在季节性冻土区涵洞设计工作中,应该采取一些积极措施避免或减少对流传热对涵底冻深发展的影响;涵底最大冻结深度随着含水量呈三段式的变化规律:随其增大先减小,后减小速度变缓甚至冻深略有增加,最后又趋于减小;寒区涵洞内径的尺寸对涵底冻结深度方面的影响较大,而净高对涵底冻结深度方面的影响很小,可以不考虑。

In order to explore the impact of culvert on the roadbed-culvert transition section in deep seasonally frozen region, a finite element model was established to simulate culvert＇s temperature fields considering latent heat, and judged the reliability through comparing the simulation results with the existing monitoring data. Models of different parameters or different sizes were stimulated to investigate the influence on the maximum frozen depth. The results indicate that： 1） The measured temperatures and simulated temperatures agree well which demonstrated the accuracy of the numerical model. 2） In the design of culvert in seasonally frozen region, foundation convection under the culvert in cold season could not be ignored. Some active measures should be taken to protect the subsoil from the effect of convective heat transfer. 3） The culvert maximum frozen depth changing with the amount of water content is divided into three steps. At first, it decreased with increasing water content. And then, the reduction got slow, even the frozen depth increased slightly. At last, it decreased again; 4） The diameter of culvert greatly affected the maximum frozen depth, while the size of clear height had little effect on it. Diameter is priority for the requirements of strength, stability, functionality, etc. and the clear height could be considered at last.