大粒径卵砾石地层盾构刀盘选型及适应性评价

Cutting Wheel Structure Selection of EPB TBM and Its Adaptability Evaluation in Large Particle Size Gravel Strata

大粒径卵砾石地层是北京地铁修建过程中开挖难度最大的地层之一,给土压平衡盾构施工造成了一系列的难题。刀盘是土压平衡盾构的重要构件之一,合理的刀盘结构型式是大粒径卵砾石地层土压平衡盾构高效、可靠运行的前提。为了找出适用于大粒径卵砾石地层的刀盘结构型式,以北京地铁九号线盾构工程为背景,开展大粒径卵砾石地层土压平衡盾构开挖原型试验,基于＂北京地铁盾构施工实时管理系统＂和＂北京地铁建设安全风险技术管理体系＂收集盾构关键施工参数,以现场掘进试验数据有基础,对盾构掘进效能、盾构关键参数地层适应性及刀具磨损情况进行了对比研究。研究结果表明：1）大粒径砂卵石地层辐条式刀盘适应性更好,掘进效率更高,对刀具的磨损控制更为有利;2）辐条式刀盘可适当增大开口率至55%~65%;3）大粒径卵砾石地层,辐条式刀盘比面板式土压力控制更加稳定;提高盾构掘进速度的同时,应注意盾构土压力的控制,合理的盾构推进速度应为20~60mm/min。

Large particle size gravel strata layer is very difficult for TBM construction which brings about a series of problems for EPB TBM advancing in Beijing Metro. Cutting wheel is an important component of EPB TBM and cutting wheel with reasonable structure is essential for EPB TBM to advance steadily and effectively in large particle size gravel strata. In-situ EPB TBM advancing tests are carried out in large two adjacent shield interval where the strata conditions make it possible to find out the most efficient cutting wheel structure by monitoring key parameters through Real-time Information Management System. Based on the analysis and comparison of advancing efficiency, strata adaptability of key parameters and tools wearing, the following conclusions can be obtained. 1） Spoke cutting wheel has better strata adaptability and higher efficiency than panel cutting wheel as well as more advantages in controlling tools wearing. 2） open ratio ranging from 55% to 65% is the reasonable for cutting wheel. 3） Advancing speed and earth pressure are very important for EPB TBM construction. Compared with panel cutting wheel, spoke cutting wheel can obtained higher advancing speed and more stable earth pressure in tests. However the change of earth pressure should also be paid attention when EPB TBM advancing in fast speed. The advancing speed should be controlled in the range of 20 to 60 mm/min.