中国怒江片马地区怒江金丝猴种群动态及社会组织初探

Preliminary observation of population status and social organization of Rhinopithecus strykeri in Pianma Town,Nujiang County,China

2011年10月至2013年10月在云南高黎贡山自然保护区泸水县片马镇地区对一群怒江金丝猴的社会组织进行研究,基于野外实地记录与获得的视频资料统计猴群的个体数量,研究群数量初步估计为100只。根据体型、毛色及是否携带婴猴等特征来划分所有个体的性别年龄组,依据单元内个体通过林窗时移动的时间间隔比单元间短的原则来划分不同繁殖单元及全雄群。所有视频中共发现22个一雄多雌单元(OMU)和1个全雄群(AMU),因此怒江金丝猴的社会组织与其他金丝猴物种相似,由多个一雄多雌及其后代组成繁殖单元(OMUs)与雄性个体组成全雄群(AMU)组成重层社会(Modular society);另外基于GPS位点初步确定猴群活动的海拔范围为1 900-3 700 m,猴群生境面积约为12 km2,初步获得猴群的密度为8只/km2,比缅甸的种群密度(1只/km2)大得多。基于种群性别年龄计算种群动态参数,雄雌比为1∶2.1,婴雌比为1∶4.7,成幼比为2.5∶1。与滇金丝猴种群相比,该种群有很低的婴雌比和很高的成幼比。

From October 2011 to October 2013,preliminary observation on social organization of a group of Rhinopithecus strykeri was done in Pianma,Lushui County. Based on video data and direct counting in field work,the population of the study group is approximately 100 individuals. Sex-age of all individuals in the video was classified via body size,color and whether or not carrying newborn infant. Indentifying one male multi female and their offspring units（ OMU） and all male unit（ AMU） was decided based on sex-age and time interval of individuals across the opening forestry site. 22 OMUs and1 AMU were found from all video records. The social organization of R. strykeri is similar to those found of other snubnosed monkey species,which is a Modular Society composed of several OMUs and one or two AMUs. According to location data collected by GPS,altitude range of the study group is from 1 900- 3 700 m and the home area is approximately12 km2,with higher population density（ 8 individuals/km2） than that reported in Myanmar（ 1. 1 individuals/km2）.Population status was calculated by sex-age of all individuals： the ratio of adult male to adult female is 1 ∶ 2. 1; infant to adult female is 1∶ 4. 7; and ratio of adult to immature is 2. 5∶ 1. The study group exhibited higher adult to immature ratio and lower infant to adult female ratio,compared to R. bieti groups.