地佐辛超前镇痛在肾移植患者麻醉中的临床应用

Clinical application of the preemptive analgesia of Dezocine on patients with renal transplantation anesthesia

目的 通过观察肾移植患者术中应用地佐辛联合芬太尼麻醉对麻醉效果和苏醒质量的影响,探讨地佐辛在肾移植麻醉中的超前镇痛作用.方法 接受同种异体肾移植的患者80例,随机分为芬太尼组和地佐辛组,每组各40例.两组患者麻醉诱导均给予咪唑安定0.05 mg/kg、丙泊酚1～2 mg/kg、芬太尼3 μg/kg、顺苯磺酸阿曲库胺2.5 mg/kg静脉推注,肌松药起效后行气管插管,机械控制呼吸.麻醉维持采用静吸复合的方法,1％ ～2％七氟醚至手术结束前半小时停止吸入,静脉持续泵注1％丙泊酚3 ～5 mg/（kg·h）和盐酸瑞芬太尼0.1～0.2 μg/（kg·min）至手术结束.芬太尼组于切皮前常规静脉注射芬太尼2 μg/kg,地佐辛组于切皮前静脉注射地佐辛0.1 mg/kg,术中根据麻醉深度调整七氟醚吸入浓度和瑞芬太尼泵注速度.观察并记录患者麻醉前（T0）、切皮前（T1）、切皮后5 min（T2）,拔管前5 min（T3）及拔管后10 min（T4）的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）各参数的变化和患者手术后拔管时间及苏醒期恶心、呕吐等不良反应的发生率;出手术室前采用模拟疼痛评分表评估患者疼痛情况.结果 两组患者MAP、心率、SpO2各时间段比较差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）;出手术室前模拟疼痛评分两组比较差异无统计学意义[芬太尼组：（1.76±0.43）分,地佐辛组：（1.84±0.57）分,P =0.480 7];与芬太尼组比较,地佐辛组苏醒期恶心、呕吐的不良反应发生率明显降低[芬太尼组为22.5％,地佐辛组为2.5％,x2=7.314 3,P=0.007];手术后拔管时间明显缩短[芬太尼组为（15.15±2.25） min,地佐辛组为（12.21±2.16） min,P=0.000].结论 地佐辛超前镇痛用于肾移植患者麻醉,可明显缩短拔管时间,降低苏醒期恶心、呕吐的发生率,可安全应用于肾移植患者的麻醉.

Objective To investigate the effect of dezocine combined with fentanyl in patients undergoing kidney transplantation on the quality of anesthesia and recover consciousness,as well as explore the preemptive analgesia effect of dezocine in renal transplantation.Methods Eighty patients undergoing allogeneic renal transplantation were randomly divided into control group （Ⅰ） and dezocine group （Ⅱ） （40 cases for each group）.Patients in two groups were induced with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg,propofol 1-2 mg/kg,fentanyl 3 μg/kg,and cis-atracurium 2.5 mg/kg intravenously,and then they were incubated and given mechanical ventilation.Anesthesia was maintained with intravenous and inhalational anesthesia.1％-2％ sevoflurane had been inhaled until half an hour before the end of the surgery,while 1％ propofol 3-5 mg/kg/h and remifentanil 0.1-0.2 μg/kg/min had been pumped intravenously till the end of the surgery.2μg/kg fentanyl was infused in control group,while in dezocine group 0.1 mg/kg dezocine was intravenously infused before skin incision.The concentration of sevoflurane and the pump speed ofremifentanil were adjusted according to the depth of anesthesia.Changes of mean arterial pressure （MAP）,heart rate （HR） and the pulse oximetry （SPO2） before anesthesia （T0）,before skin incision （T1）,5 minutes after incision （T2）,5 minutes before extubation （T3） and 10 minutes after extubation（T4） were recorded.Extubation time,nausea,vomiting and the incidence of adverse reactions during recovery period were also recorded.Before leaving the operating room,VAS scale was used to assess the pain situation of patients.Results There were no significant differences in terms of MAP,HR and SPO2 at each time point between two groups （P ＞ 0.05）.The VAS scores in fentanyl group was 1.76 ± 0.43,as same as that in dezocine group （1.84 ± 0.57,P =0.480 7）.The incidence of adverse reactions including nausea,vomiting in fentanyl group and dezocine group were 22.5％ and 2.5％,and the difference was significant （x2 =7.314 3,P =0.007）.The extubationtime after surgery in diesoline group [（12.21 ± 2.16） min] was significantly shortened than that in fentanyl group [（15.15 ± 2.25） min],P =0.000）.Conclusion Dezocine preemptive analgesia is used in renal transplant patients in advance,and it can partly replace the same effect of fentanyl analgesia intensity,significantly shorten the extubation time,reduce the occurrence of awakening period adverse events such as of nausea,vomiting and restlessness.It is safe for renal transplant patients.