沟垄覆膜连作种植对马铃薯田土壤速效养分及产量的影响

Effects of film mulch and ridge-furrow planting on soil available nutrient and yield of potato in continuous cultivation

为了探明不同沟垄覆膜连作种植对马铃薯田土壤养分及产量影响的差异,以当地主栽品种‘新大坪’为试验材料,研究了平畦不覆膜（CK）、平畦覆膜（T1）、全膜双垄垄播（T2）、全膜双垄沟播（T3）、半膜沟垄垄播（T4）、半膜沟垄沟播（T5）6种栽培模式连作种植对马铃薯田土壤速效养分及产量的影响.结果表明：在马铃薯全生育期内,土壤铵态氮、速效钾含量下降,而速效磷含量先升高后降低；沟垄和覆膜处理土壤铵态氮和速效磷含量均高于 CK,而速效钾含量在前期与后期低于CK；沟垄覆膜种植均能提高马铃薯产量,增产幅度为1.5%~29.8%,其中 T2处理产量最高且与CK间差异达到显著水平；另外,与CK相比,沟垄和覆膜处理马铃薯单株结薯数提高了70.8%~87.5%,且以T2和T5处理最高；而单株薯质量提高了37.1%~68.6%,且 T3处理与 CK 间差异显著.沟垄和覆膜处理通过提高土壤养分利用率而提高了马铃薯产量.

In order to study the effects of different film mulching and ridge and furrow planting in con-tinuous cultivation on soil available nutrient and yield of potato,the local maj or cultivar ‘Xindaping’was planted under six kinds of cultivation modes,which were harrowed bedding system without film mulching （CK）,harrowed bedding system with film mulching （T1 ）,completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow planting （T2 ）,completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with ridge plant-ing （T3 ）,plastic mulched raised bedding system with furrow planting （T4 ）and plastic mulched raised bed-ding system with bedding planting （T5 ）.The results indicated that the content of ammonium nitrogen and available potassium decreased during the growth period of potato;however,the content of available phos-phorus increased first and then decreased,and content of available phosphorus of early stage was almost consistent with that of later stage.Film mulching and ridge-furrow planting promoted the yield of potato tuber with 1.5%~29.8%,and the yield of T2 was the highest and was significantly with CK.In addition, film mulching and ridge-furrow planting had significant effects on number of tubers per plant and tuber weight per plant.Compared with CK,number of tubers per plant increased by 70.8%~87.5%,and T2 and T5 were the highest.Tuber weight per plant increased by 37.1%~68.6% compared to CK,and there had significantly difference between T3 and CK.It is suggested that tuber yield of potato is improved under film mulch and ridge-furrow by increasing use efficiency of soil nutrients.