绵羊转基因技术体系构建及研究进展

Approaches of Establishment of Technological System of Transgenic Sheep

转基因技术能够突破种间隔离、实现多基因聚合、按照人类需要改造生物基因组,因而具有广阔的应用发展前景。自从1982年首例转基因动物诞生以来,已先后报道了10余种转基因动物。转基因方法也由早期单一的原核显微注射发展到核移植转基因、病毒载体转基因和基因组编辑技术。转基因目标已由建立动物转基因方法,发展到改良动物生产性能或产品品质、作为生物反应器生产高附加值药用蛋白和培育转基因新品种。文章综述了国内外绵羊转基因技术的研究现状、存在问题和发展趋势,回顾了通过转基因技术培育绵羊新品种或建立动物模型的研究进展,分析了不同转基因方法的技术特点,提出了转基因技术面临的技术障碍和瓶颈问题,尤其对近两年发展起来的基因组编辑技术的特点、发展趋势和应用前景进行了深入探讨。同时,结合中国绵羊转基因技术体系构建工作,分析了构建绵羊转基因技术体系的必要性,总结了中国绵羊转基因技术体系构建的研究现状、技术水平、取得的创新与突破,以及今后的重点发展方向。同时对将来绵羊转基因生物新品种培育潜在的经济、生态和社会效益进行了分析和展望。

Transgenic approach can break-through the barrier of breeds, integrate multiple gene effects and modify the genome based on the requirement of mankind, therefore it exhibits great potentials. Since the first transgenic animal born in 1982, more than ten species of transgenic animals have been reported. The methods to generate transgenic animals were developed from original pronuclear microinjection to nuclear transfer, viral vector transgenesis, and concurrent genome editing. The aims of the transgenic animal are also expanded from establishment of transgenic animal technique to generation of transgenic model, improvement of the productive performance or product quality, as bioreactor to produce high value pharmaceutical proteins, and breeding new animal breeds. Hereby the worldwide approaches, the faced problems, and the tendency to produce transgenic sheep were summarized. The proceedings of generation of transgenic novel breeds or animal models, and the characteristics of transgenic techniques were reviewed. The barrier and bottleneck of transgenic techniques were also addressed. Particularly, the feature, tendency and potential of the concurrently highlighted genome editing technique were comprehensively documented. Moreover, the necessity to establish a technological system of transgenic sheep was elucidated, and the present status, gain of innovation and breakthrough, highlighted target of transgenic sheep in domestic in＆amp;nbsp;future were reviewed. Meanwhile, the outlook of the economic, ecological and social effects resulted from transgenic sheep were further analyzed and previewed as well.