中国原木进出口的森林生态足迹账户及影响研究

Account and Impact of Forest Ecological Footprint of Chinese Log Imports and Exports

针对中国是世界第一大木材进口国的事实，运用生态足迹理论与模型，建立2000～2012年中国原木进出口森林生态足迹账户，并引人生态压力指数和生态占用指数，对来源地森林生态安全状况及原木进口贸易的影响进行了实证研究。结果表明：整体来看，中国对进口原木的依赖度在下降，并未对主要原木进口区域造成生态威胁。虽然中国主要从俄罗斯、新西兰和巴布亚新几内亚进口原木，但进口影响生态安全的评价指数仍处于安全等级内。值得关注的是，马来西亚和缅甸国内生态已接近不安全边界，但中国原木进口转移的森林生态足迹占其国内森林生态足迹的7．5％和3．6％，影响不显著，不足以说明中国原木进口是造成其森林破坏的主要原因。

Based on the fact that China has been the world＇s largest importer of timber, the authors first establish ac- count of ecological footprint embodied by Chinese log imports and exports from 2000 to 2012, Then introduce the model of ecological tension index and ecological occupancy index to study the ecological security status of main origins and the related impact of China＇ s log imports. Results demonstrate that, overall, China has not caused serious threat to the main source of imports. Although the log imports mainly from Russia, New Zealand and Pap- ua New Guinea, the ecological security indexes considering the impact of China＇ s import are still within the safety limits. The result worth noting is that Malaysia and Myanmar＇ s forest ecology has approached the unsafe level. But the forest ecological footprint imported from Malaysia and Myanmar reaches 7.5% and 3.6% of that of its domestic occupation. That is not a strong evidence to deem that China＇ s log imports is the main reason for Malaysia and Myanmar＇ s deforestation.