户籍堤坝效应与东部城市就业吸引力研究

Research on Hukou Dam Effect and Employment Attraction of Eastern Cities

文章以城乡待遇为切入点,从制度经济学角度实证分析了东部城市户籍堤坝效应对就业吸引力的影响。结果表明:(1)城乡待遇差距、城市就业吸引力、户籍堤坝效应强度三者之间存在正相关关系。(2)市民待遇高于农民待遇是农民进城就业的前提,东部城市户籍堤坝效应通过调整城乡待遇差距,成为影响农民是否进城就业的核心因素。(3)东部城市户籍堤坝效应呈现"不考虑中西部因素"及"考虑中西部因素"两类表现,存在"内助式吸引"与"外援式吸引"两条就业吸引力形成路径。因此文章建议,东部地区应加大对中西部地区资金与技术援助,补偿中西部地区户籍制度潜在利润损失;以"城乡统筹、保护农民利益"为出发点,推动符合条件的农民工转户进城;通过调节户籍堤坝效应强度,增强就业吸引力,提高东部城市利用户籍制度潜在利润的竞争力,同时要建立适应户籍堤坝效应消失后的新型户籍制度。

Taking rural and urban entilalment as a starling point,this paper empirically analyses the influences of eastern urban Hukou dam effect on employment attraction with the perspective of institutional economics.The results show that(1) there have positive correlations among treatment differences between urban and rural areas,attraction of cities' employment and Hukou dam effect.(2) The precondition of peasants into urban labour market is a better citizenship treatment over that to peasants,and the urban Hukou dam effect has become the key factor of attracting rural migrant workers to cities by adjusting the treatment difference between rural and urban areas.(3) This dam effect in the eastern cities has formed two attractive paths of employment,such as "self-service attraction" and "external aid".Therefore,the article suggests that the eastern region should provide more funds and technology to the middle and western regions and compensate for the potential profit loss from Hukou system of the middle and western regions.In the principle of rural and urban coordination and persants' interests protection,qualified migrant workers should be encouraged into the city.By adjusting the Hukou dam effect strength,the employment attraction and the competitiveness based on the potential bonus of the eastern urban Hukou system will be enhanced.A new household registration system shall be established when the dam effect is in decline.