汉语受事主语句的句法语义再分析

A Reanalysis of the Syntax and Semantics of PATIENT-SUBJECT Clauses in Chinese

传统语法中受事主语句的定义有失精细,而将"那封信写好了"分析为受事话题句的观点值得商榷,因为句首的"那封信"的题元角色更应该是客事(THEME),毕竟整个句子表达非宾格性的状态义。文章认为,"黄蓉写好了那封信"兼具施事-受事义和致事-客事义,而其宾语论元的话题化操作会因语义角色的不同分别形成受事次话题句和客事主话题句。文章的启示在于,借鉴生成语法理论研究汉语语法时应该顾及汉语的构词手段及其句法实现的个性特征。

In traditional grammar research, the definition for PATIENT-SUBJECT clauses is far from fine-grained. The analysis of Nafeng xin xiehao le （那封信写好了） as PATIENT-TOPIC clause is flawed in several aspects, since the more appropriate theta-role for the initial NP Nafeng xin （那封信） should be THEME due to the unaccusativity of the clause. This article proposes that Huangrong xiehaole nafengxin （黄蓉写好了那封信） is ambiguous between AGENT- PATIENT and CAUSE-THEME, which in turns leads to two possible topicalizations of the object argument： PATIENT- sub-TOPIC clause and CAUSE-main-TOPIC clause. This article argues that more consideration should be accorded to the idiosyncratic word-formation traits in Chinese while applying Generative Grammar Theory to grammar research.