水稻不同胞质和恢复系的配合力及遗传力分析

Combining Ability and Heritability of Sterile Lines with Different Cytoplasm and Restorers in Rice

为掌握水稻不同胞质和恢复系的配合力及遗传力,为杂交水稻品种选育提供优良亲本,选用杂交水稻生产上常用的5个不育胞质和5个恢复系,采用不完全双列杂交设计(NCII),对穗干重、干物质有效输出率等性状的亲本配合力、方差贡献率及遗传力进行分析。结果表明:除穗干重外,其余性状的不育胞质效应均达极显著水平,所有性状的恢复系效应均达显著或极显著水平;所有性状均受到一定的环境影响(狭义遗传率小于广义遗传率)。穗干重、干物质最大积累量、干物质有效输出量和干物质有效输出率以加性效应为主,产量以非加性效应为主。K型和印水型胞质是一般配合力较好的母本,蜀恢527和绵恢725是一般配合力较好的父本。5个性状的狭义遗传力大小分别为:干物质最大积累量>干物质有效输出率>干物质有效输出量>穗干重>产量。

The combining ability, variance maximum dry matter accumulation, effective contribution rate and heritability of dry spike weight, dry matter transportation rate, effective dry matter transportation quantity and yield of five sterile lines with different cytoplasm and five restorers were analyzed by the incomplete diallel cross design （NCII） to provide excellent parents for breeding of hybrid rice varieties. Five sterile lines with different cytoplasm have very significant effect on maximum dry matter accumulation, effective dry matter transportation rate, effective dry matter transportation quantity and yield, and five restorers have significant or very significant effects on all tested characters. All tested characters are influenced by environment to some extent （narrow heritability broad heritability）. Dry spike weight, maximum dry matter accumulation, effective dry matter transportation rate, effective dry matter transportation quantity mainly depend on additive effect but yield mainly depends on non-additive effect. Sterile lines with K and Yinshui cytoplasm are female parents with good general combining ability while Shuhui 527 and Mianhui 725 are male parents with good general combining ability. The narrow heritability of 5 characters is maximum dry matter accumulation effective dry matter transportation rate effective dry matter transportation quantity ？ dry spike weight ？ yield.