贵州特有植物习水报春的生境调查及其叶片解剖结构

Habitat Survey and Its Leaf Anatomic Structure of Guizhou Endemic Plant Primula lithophila

为习水报春的解剖（学）、分类（学）、引种栽培、迁地保护和扩大种群等研究提供依据,通过实地调查和石蜡切片法与徒手切片法,对其生长环境及叶片解剖结构进行了研究。结果表明：习水报春生长在海拔1 060m和1 164m的2个地点,小生境为雨水不能直接淋湿、阳光能够直接照射到的三面通风的风蚀崖下的少土岩石上,土壤pH 7.2,不易受旱灾及涝害。叶柄有1~2个周韧维管束,呈弧形,导管管孔呈多边形,多为螺纹导管,叶肉内栅栏组织分化不明显,海绵组织占整个叶片的大部分,叶柄、叶面、叶背及叶脉上的柔毛为3个细胞组成的棒状腺毛。发达的网状脉且具4~5对较粗的侧脉是习水报春适应旱生原因;叶部均具棒状腺毛,维管束发达,导管数量多,根系发达。

In order to provide research basis for on anatomy, taxonomy, introduction, off-site conservation, and population expansion for Primula lithophila, its habitat and leaf anatomic structure were carried out by field survey, paraffin section, and freehand section. The results showed that the habitat of P. lithophila could be located at 1 060 m and 1 164 m, the niche could be less-soil rock with pH 7.2 under wind eroded cliff 3-side ventilated that could not be directly drenched by rainfall, and directly exposed to sunshine, and without drought and flood. For its anatomic structure, there were 1-2 arc-shaped amphicribral vascular bundles in its petiole, the shape of catheter tube hole was a polygon, and most of them were spiral. There was no obvious differentiation on palisade tissue in mesophyll, spongy tissue counted greater part of the leaf. The pubescence on petioles, leaf surface, blade back, and veins were 3- cell rod-like glandular hairs. Well-developed netted vein and 4-5 pairs of coarse lateral vein were the main reasons for drought adaptation for P. lithophila. And rod-like glandular hairs grew on the whole leaf, vascular bundle was well-developed with plenty of catheter, and root system was well-developed.