黔北丹霞地貌区苔类、藓类及蕨类植物对重金属的富集能力

Enrichment Capacity of Liverworts,Mosses and Ferns to Heavy Metals in Danxia Landform Area of Northern Guizhou

为探明黔北丹霞地貌区苔类、藓类及蕨类植物对基质中不同元素的富集能力,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对多形带叶苔[Pallavicinia ambigua(Mitt.)Steph.]、小泽藓(Philonotis calomicra Broth.)和桫椤[Alsophila spinulosa(Wall.ex Hook.)Tryon]中元素含量进行了分析,并计算不同植物的富集能力。结果表明:3种植物中各元素含量与土壤基质中相应含量成正比;多形带叶苔植物对Pb强烈富集,富集系数达12,对Cu和Cd相对富集,对Fe和Al相对贫化;小泽藓对Zn和Cu相对富集,对Al、Fe、Cd等元素富集相对贫化;桫椤对Zn、Cu和Cd相对富集,对Al、Fe、Cr和Mn等元素相对贫化。多形带叶苔可作为Pb污染土壤区的修复植物及Pb矿的探矿指示植物;多形带叶苔、小泽藓及桫椤等植物可作为Cu污染土壤环境区修复植物,也可作为基质受高浓度Al、Fe污染区的生态修复植物。

The contents of different heavy metals in Pallavicinia ambigua, Philonotis calomicra and Alsophila spinulosa were analyzed by ICP-MS and their enrichment capacity was calculated to study the enrichment capacity of liverworts, mosses and ferns to heavy metals in different substance in Daxia landform area of Northern Guizhou. The content of different elements of three types of plants is in direct proportion to the corresponding element content in soil substance. Pallavicinia ambigua is of higher enrichment capacity to Pb, relative enrichment capacity to Cu and Cd, and poor enrichment capacity to Fe and Al. Philonotis calornicra is of the enrichment capacity to Zn and Cu, and poor enrichment capacity to Al, Fe and Cd. Alsophila spinulosa is of the relative enrichment capacity to Zn, Cu and Cd, and poor enrichment capacity to Al, Fe, Cr and Mn. In conclusion, Pallavicinia ambigua may be used as the restoration and indicator plant in soil areas polluted with Pb and Pb exploration. Pallavicinia ambigua, Philonotis calomicra and Alsophila spinulosa plants can he used as the restoration plants in soil areas polluted with Cu and ecological restoration plants in substance highly polluted with Al and Fe.