不同成熟度烟叶的腺毛密度及其分泌物与质体色素含量

Contents of Glandular Hairs' Excreta and Plastid Pigment of Tobacco Leaves with Different Maturity Degrees

为烤烟最适采收期的确定和香气质的提升提供参考,采用田间试验与室内品质检测相结合方法,比较了云烟85不同成熟度烟叶的腺毛分布密度、表面提取物和质体色素含量变化。结果表明:1)成熟叶和过熟叶的腺毛分布密度均以上部叶最高,分别为1 266.30根/cm2和1 180.63根/cm2;中部叶次之,分别为1 073.30根/cm2和1 094.97根/cm2;下部叶最低,分别为948.25根/cm2和823.19根/cm2。尚熟烟叶以中部叶最高,达1 318.49根/cm2;上部叶次之,为1 304.70根/cm2;下部叶最低,为1 035.88根/cm2。各部位各成熟度烟叶的正背面均是长柄腺毛(占80%左右)多于短柄腺毛(占20%左右),上部叶长柄腺毛与短柄腺毛的比值均大于中部叶和下部叶,且叶的背面腺毛分布密度大于正面。2)在不同成熟度烟叶中,尚熟叶、成熟叶和过熟叶的烷烃类物质含量分别为157.29μg/g、167.91μg/g和158.55μg/g,腺毛分泌物含量分别为71.78μg/g、74.75μg/g和73.11μg/g,即烷烃类物质含量为成熟叶>过熟叶>尚熟叶,而腺毛分泌物含量的差异不大。3)在不同成熟度烟叶中,尚熟叶、成熟叶和过熟叶的β-胡萝卜素含量分别为63.30μg/g、41.90μg/g和27.50μg/g,叶黄素含量分别为112.10μg/g、87.10μg/g和61.40μg/g,即成熟烟叶和过熟烟叶的β-胡萝卜素含量比尚熟烟叶分别低33.81%和56.56%,叶黄素含量分别低22.30%和45.23%。

The glandular hairs’density,surface extracts and plastid pigment content of Yunyan 85 with different maturity degrees were analyzed by field experiment and indoor quality determination methods to provide a reference for determining the optimum harvesting stage and improvement of aroma quality.The results showed that：1）The glandular hairs＆#39;density of maturity and over-maturity upper leaf is 1 266.30/cm2 and 1 180.63 /cm2 ,followed by 1 073.30/cm2 and 1 094.97/cm2 of maturity and over-maturity middle leaf, and 948.25/cm2 and 823.19/cm2 of maturity and over-maturity bottom leaf respectively.The glandular hairs＆#39; density of near maturity middle leaf is 1 318.49/cm2 followed by 1 304.70/cm2 of near maturity upper leaf and 1 035.88/cm2 of near maturity bottom leaf.The glandular hairs with a long handle of the front and reverse of leaves with different position and maturity degrees is more than glandular hairs with a short handle.The ratio of glandular hairs with a long handle/glandular hairs with a short handle in upper leaf is more than middle leaf and bottom leaf,and distribution density of glandular hairs on the reserve of leaves is higher than the front of leaves;2）The alkanes content of near maturity,maturity and over-maturity leaf is 157.29 μg/g,167.91 μg/g and 158.55 μg/g separately.The glandular hairs＆#39;excreta of near maturity,maturity and over-maturity leaf is 71.78 μg/g,74.75 μg/g and 73.11 μg/g respectively,which means that alkanes content is maturity leaf over-maturity leaf near maturity leaf but there is no obvious difference in glandular hairs＆#39;excreta between leaves with different maturity degrees;3）The β-carotene content of near maturity,maturity and over-maturity leaf is 63.30μg/g,41.90 μg/g and 27.50 μg/g,and the lutein content of near maturity,maturity and over-maturity leaf is112.10μg/g,87.10 μg/g and 61.40 μg/g respectively.That is,the β-carotene content of maturity and over-maturity leaf is 33.81% and 56.56% lower than near maturity leaf and lutein content of maturity and over-maturity leaf is 22.30% and 45.23% lower than near maturity leaf respectively.