儿童青少年体像不满与身体形态发育指标的关联分析

Analysis on the correlation of body image dissatisfaction and body shape parameters among children and adolescents

目的分析儿童青少年体像不满与身体形态发育指标的相关性,为引导儿童青少年形成正确体像认知提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取中、小学生,测量学生身高、体重、腰围、臀围、皮褶厚度身体形态发育指标,采用Ma体形图测量儿童青少年体像认知,分单水平和两水平分析体像不满与身体形态发育指标的相关性。结果儿童青少年体像不满率为77.1%(期望变胖率为23.1%,期望变瘦率为54.0%),体像曲解率为44.9%;期望变胖率男生高于女生(χ2=4.989,P=0.026),期望变瘦率女生高于男生(χ2=5.970,P=0.015)。男生和女生身高、体重、腰围、臀围、皮褶厚度、体质指数、腰围身高比、臀围身高比指标,"期望变瘦"学生均高于"体像满意"学生(P值均<0.05);男生"体像满意"学生高于"期望变胖"学生(P值均<0.05);女生除身高、WHR外,其余指标均"体像满意"学生高于"期望变胖"学生(P值均>0.05)。以上组间差异均表现为男生高于女生,中学高于小学。结论身高、体重、胸围、臀围、皮褶厚度、体质指数、腰围身高比、臀围身高比身体形态发育指标均与体像不满相关,且在性别和学校类型上存在差异。

Objective To analyze the correlation of body image dissatisfaction and body shape parameters,and to provide the basis for guideing children and adolescents to get correct body image. Methods Students were selected using stratified cluster sampling method, and measured height, weight, waist circumference （WC）, hip circumference （HC）, and skinfold thichness,and surveyed body image by Ma body figural shape. The correlation of body image dissatisfaction and body shape parameters was analyzed using simple level and multiple level methods. Results Prevalence rate of body image dissatisfaction was 77.1% -23.1% students expected to be fat （EBF）, 54.0 G students expected to thin （EBT）] and preva lence of body image distortion was 44.9 %;The rate of EBF in males was higher than in females （x2= 4. 989, P= 0. 026）, however, the rate of EBT in females was higher than in males （x2 = 5. 970, P = 0.015）. In males and females, height, weight, WC,HC,skinfold thickness, body mass index （BMI）, waist-height ratio （WHtR）, and hip comunference-to-height ratio （HHR） were higher in EBT than body image satisfaction （P all 〈0.05） ; In males,all above variables were higher in body image satisfaction than EBF（P all 〈0.05; Excepting for height and WHR,others were higher in body image satisfaction than EBF In females（P all 〈0.01）. Differences of above variables between EBT or EBF and body image satisfaction were higher in males than females,in middle school students than primary school students. Conclusion There are the correlations between height, weight, WC, HC, WHtR, H HR and body image, and are different between males and females or middle and priamary school students.