霸权、话语建构、反极权主义:后马克思主义社会批判空间转向

Hegemony,Discursive Construction and Anti-Totalitarianism:Changes in Post-Marxist Social Criticism

处于"后现代主义"语境中的西方马克思主义,在20世纪60年代之后逐渐转向了一种"后马克思主义"的理论视域。以拉克劳和莫菲所代表的后马克思主义,运用"话语"、"霸权"等逻辑消弭马克思主义阶级主体的正当性,以此回应现实社会政治变化的趋势,从而提出了激进、多元的民主解放的蓝图。阿伦特的反极权主义理论在20世纪后期可谓独树一帜,体现出让人耳目一新的原创性和洞察力。而反对本质主义、反对极权主义也是后马克思主义的微观政治特征之一。

Western Marxism in the context of post modernism has gradually shifted to a post-Marxist theoretical paradigm from the 1960 s. This new paradigm mainly includes the following theoretical endeavors. By employing the logics of discourse and hegemony,Laclau and Moffet,two representatives of post Marxist theorists,tried to deconstruct the legitimacy of the class as single dominant notion for doing social analysis in response to the social and political changes and have advanced a plan for a radical and democratic liberation characterized by pluralism. Ahrendt,another great post Marxist theorist,proposed her unique theory of anti totalitarianism that is full of originality and insights. The post-Marxist paradigm is also characterized by its promotion of anti essentialism and anti totalitarianism.