社会资本多维异质性视角下农户小型水利设施合作参与行为研究

Farmers' Small-scale Irrigation Facilities Participative Behavior under Multi-dimensional Social Capital Perspective

小型水利设施合作供给是实现准公共物品供给的有效方式,同时农村社区小型水利设施合作供给也是众多单个农户行为选择的结果。理论研究发现,极其复杂多变的个体决策行为可以通过突破传统经济学的同质性假设——运用个体异质性来表征。本文将农户异质性概念引入农村社区小型水利设施合作供给问题研究,探索农户社会资本异质性与农村社区小型水利设施合作供给的互动关系及影响机理,试图解决农村小型水利设施合作供给中集体行动的实现问题。首先,运用探索性因子分析法,将社会资本归纳为社会声望、社会参与、社会信任和社会网络四个不同维度。在此基础上,利用陕西省关中地区393户农户调查数据,采用Probit模型实证分析社会资本多维异质性对农户参与小型水利设施合作治理的影响。研究结果表明,社会资本多维异质性对农户参与小型水利设施合作供给具有显著影响。其中,信任维度、参与维度和网络维度社会资本是农户小型水利设施参与行为的重要促进因素,而声望维度社会资本则降低了农户的参与行为。反映出社会资本的多维异质性将导致集体行动结果的不确定性。某一维度的社会资本促进合作供给的产生,而另一维度的社会资本则对合作供给起到抑制作用,而且各维度交互作用可能使社会资本对合作供给影响结果产生不同结果。此外,农户参与小型水利设施合作供给还受其他因素的影响,农户受教育程度、水利对农业重要性的认知、水利设施维修情况以及用水纠纷对农户参与行为具有显著正向影响,而种植面积对农户小型水利设施合作供给参与行为具有显著负向影响。根据以上结果,政府应该通过培育农户多维度的社会资本,强化社会资本的正向影响,促进小型水利设施的合作供给;此外,通过加强组织服务功能、提高农户合作认知等,提高农户小型水利设施合作供给的参与行为。

Small-scale irrigation facilities cooperative supply is a useful way to realize effective supply of quasipublic goods, while it is the result of rural households＇ individual choice. Theoretical study finds that individual decision-making behavior is extremely complex, it could be characterized by individual heterogeneity which changed the traditional assumption： homogeneity. This paper explores the small-scale irrigation facilities collective action issues by introducing the concept of rural households individual heterogeneity, the objective is to examine the interaction mechanism between small-scale irrigation facilities collective action and rural households＇ social capital, trying to resolve the collective action dilemma for small-scale irrigation facilities cooperative supply. Firstly, this paper empirically analyses the influence of four components of social capital on farmers＇ behavior in participating in collective actions ; it is for constructing and operating small-scale irrigation systems in Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province, China. The four components consist of social networking; social trust, social prestige and social participation were derived by employing factor analysis. We use a Probit model to estimate the influence of these components on farmers＇ participative behavior. The findings indicate that social capital multidimensional heterogeneity has a significant impact on the small-scale irrigation facilities collective action. It is revealed that considering different components of social capital allows for a better understanding of farmers＇ participative behavior. We find that higher levels of social trust, social networking and social participation lead to a higher propensity for collective action; however, social prestige reduces the possibility of farmers＇ participative behavior. It is reflected that multi-dimensional social capital will lead to the uncertainty results of collective action. A dimension of social capital promotes farmers＇ small-scale irrigation facilities cooperative supply participative behavior; however, other dimensions of social capital will play an inhibitory effect on the farmers＇ participative behavior. Therefore, the interaction between the different dimensions of social capital may affect the results of the collective action. Other socio- economic factors and fanning characteristics such as farmers＇ education level, farmers＇ recognition, as well as small-scale irrigation facilities maintenance condition and water disputes have positive significant effects on farmers＇ participative behavior, while the cultivated area has negative effects on farmers＇ participative behavior. Finally, it is suggested that the government should encourage farmers＇ participative behavior by cultivating farmers＇ multidimensional social capital and modifying the positive dimensions of social capital. Moreover, the government should strengthen organization service function and improve farmers＇ cooperative consciousness.