从政治算术到大数据分析

From Political Arithmetic to Big Data Analysis

本文首先对大数据进行了再认识,包括如何理解大数据的"大"、如何理解大数据的"数据"以及大数据是不是好数据;然后对数据的变化与统计分析方法的发展进行了较为系统的历史梳理,对两者的关系进行了总结;最后探讨了统计学的新发展——大数据分析问题,认为大数据分析是数据科学赋予统计学的新任务,指出了大数据分析面临的挑战与突破口,提出了大数据分析需要达成的共识。

This paper reconstructs the understanding of big data,including how＂big＂the data are,what ＂data＂can mean and whether big data are good data. It summarizes systematically the history of and the relationship between the changing conception of data and the developing method of statistical analysis. It also discusses the new development of statistics as a discipline： big data analysis. It considers big data analysis as the new mission that data science has given to statistics,suggests the challenges that big data analysis faces and its breakthrough points,and proposes the common ground for researchers engaged in big data analysis.