字与词的不相应所致误训探析——以《毛诗传笺通释》所驳旧注为例

Study of Mistaken Explanations Caused by Uncoordinated of Character and Word—— Taking Refuting of Mistaken Explanations in Mao Shi Zhuan Jian Tong Shi for Example

由于假借字、同形字、古今字等用字、造字现象的存在,使得文字在记录语言的过程中,字与词的对应关系更加的不平衡、不整齐,出现了同词异形和异词同形等现象。古汉语虽以单音节词为主,但在记录多音节的单纯词时,字与词则为完全不同的东西。汉字独特的表意属性虽为我们解词提供了线索,但字形的构意并不同于文字在具体语境中的使用意义。这些都体现了语言与文字之间的矛盾性,使用字与造字不相应,文字与文词不相应,增加了训释过程的复杂性,以至于造成了诸多误训。

Because of the existence of ＂Jia Jie Zi＂,＂Tong Xing Zi ＂and ＂Gu Jin Zi＂which were produced during the process of using and creating characters,the character and the word became more and more uncoordinated. Although the Ancient Chinese Language is mainly monosyllables,it is totally different between character and word in record multi-syllable word. And the meaning of the character in the context is different from the creating meaning about the Chinese character. All of these reflect the Contradiction between character and language which increased the complexity and difficulty on the process of interpretation,that resulted in the mistaken explanations.