回归自然非止境——兼谈钱穆的人文生态观

No End to Returning to Nature-Also on Qian Mu's View of Humanistic Ecology

现代社会的生态是否可持续地发展,是当今生态学必须面对的一个重大问题。而更为重要的内在问题是,自然"生物圈"是向前演进,还是往原始方向退化,人类才能生存得更为理想?一方面,进化是一种协同进化,同时有益于人类社会与自然界;另一方面,一味强调克制技术发展,从而扼杀有益于自然、人类共同发展的技术创意,且一味强调回归原始自然,不仅不可能,反而会导致整体协同进化局面的破坏。因而,人类须以更为高明的人工"技术圈"去匹配已有的自然"生物圈"。据此,未来的自然界不再可能是原始自然圈,而只能是某种程度上的"人文自然"圈了。对地球而言便是:回归自然非止境。钱穆以其天人合一观强调的"还归自然"与"上合于天",其实还是在人类文化走过了"创化"即"人文化成"之路后的一种归宿。

Whether the modern ecosystem can sustainably develop is a major problem that must be dealt with seriously in ecology. And the more important internal problem is, which is the more ideal survival for human beings, the natural biosphere evolving or degradating to the origin. On the one hand, evolution is co-evolution which is beneficial to human society and nature; on the other hand, restraining technological development or emphasizing going back to nature will stifle technology ideas and lead to the destruction of the overall situation of co-evolution.So, the existing ＂biosphere＂of Nature needs a matching artificial tech circle which is more sophisticated. In that situation, the original natural circle will be replaced by that of ＂human nature＂in the future. For the earth, it means no end to returning to nature. Qian Mu＇s view of the harmony between man and nature is actually the result of ＂cultivation＂. So Qian Mu＇s ecological view can be seen as the viewpoint of humanistic ecology.