从审美与环境交融角度看森林的休闲娱乐价值

Recreational Value of Forests from the Perspective of Aesthetic and Environmental Engagement

休闲娱乐活动对提高人们的自然敏感性有着诸多影响,其方式是审美的环境交融。芬兰传统上对森林休闲娱乐性的运用程度很高,本文以此为例提出,将休闲娱乐价值赋予给自然可以与伯林特的审美交融联系起来,并且这些过程提高了环境交融的可能性。对自然的休闲娱乐性运用,引发人们去讨论与环境的交融互动所能产生的恢复健康的作用。以往的美学理论认为,审美体验是主客体之间一种静态的单向关系,而审美交融理论则强调了二者之间的交互性因素。自然的意义在此被视为实现多种不同价值的平台,各种价值间的侧重点总是随着其他多种变量的变化而经常变化。多种价值的连续统一性需要获得社会的认同,以便人类在与自然的共存中找到并维持某些平衡。在这种社会认同中,每个人的日常行为和实践也发挥着重要作用。个体与森林的休闲娱乐关系在这里被看作一种"价值-肯定"的开端,从而推动人们更加清醒地看待生态问题。最近的一些环境美学理论(比如生态美学)深刻地提出了这个主题。世界上众多日益紧迫的生态问题促使我们去寻找更多的解决办法,这些办法的共同倾向是将审美与环境意识这两个方面结合起来。传统美学理论认为无利害性是审美体验的先决条件,而现在有学者主张放弃这种观念。这都表明美学领域正在发生着一种伦理转向。

This paper outlines the effects of recreational activity to nature sensibility in the forms of aesthetic and environmental engagement. By employing the traditionally high rate of recreational use of forests in Finland as an example, it is proposed that attaching recreational value to nature is linked to Berleant＇s aesthetic engagement and together these processes enhance the possibility of environmental engagement. Recreational use of nature brings into discussion the restorative effects of engaging in interaction with environment. This interactive element underlines the difference of aesthetic engagement to previously held views of aesthetic experience as a static oneway relation between subject and object. The significance of nature is seen here as a platform for many different kinds of values, the emphasis between which varies constantly according to other multiple variables. This continuum of values needs to be acknowledged by society in order to some balance to be found and maintained in co-existence with nature. Everyday actions and practices of individuals play an important part also in this societal acknowledgment. The individual recreational relationship is seen here as a value-positive beginning for a more conscious perspective to ecological issues. Some recent theories of environmental aesthetics（e.g. ecoaesthetics） address this theme in a thorough manner. The urgency of ecological problems in the world puts pressure in to finding more solutions combining the aspects of aesthetic and environmental awareness. This, together with letting go of the notion of disinterestedness as a prerequisite for aesthetic experience, can be taken as further proof of an ethical shift taking place in the field of aesthetics.