南疆枣园保护性耕作措施对土壤水分的影响研究

Effects of Conservation Tillage Measures on Soil Moisture in Jujube Orchard of Southern Xinjiang

研究了南疆枣因实施保护性耕作措施对枣园土壤贮水量、土壤密度、水分垂直分布以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，枣树生长关键期，秸秆覆盖措施明显提高了1m土体土壤贮水量。翻耕秸秆（TS）覆盖处理下，枣树整个生长期深层土壤水分最高且保持稳定。O～20cm土层，土壤密度降幅以旋耕秸秆（RS）处理最明显，而20-40cm土层，翻耕覆膜（TF）和翻耕秸秆（TS）措施下土壤密度降幅最明显。翻耕秸秆处理下红枣产量比对照高968．7kg／hm^2，水分利用效率高于其他处理，达17．72kg／（mm·hm^2）。翻耕秸秆覆盖措施适合南疆枣园。

The effects of different conservation tillage measures on soil water storage, soil density, WUE, and vertical distribution of soil moisture were studied in the jujube orchard of Southern Xinjiang. The resuits indicated that straw mulching measures significantly increased soil water storage of 1 m soil layer in the growth stage. Soil moisture of deep soil layer was the highest and the most stable during the whole growth period in the treatment of tillage straw mulching. The fall of soil bulk density of 0~20 cm soil layer was the most obvious under the rotary tillage straw mulching while the fall in 20~40 cm soil layer were the most obvious in TF and TS treatments. The jujube production under plow tillage with straw mulching was 968. 7 kg/hm2 higher than that in the control, and water use efficiency was higher than those in other treatments, up to 17.72 kg/（mm hm2）. Plow tillage with straw mulching technology is recommended to be popularized widely in jujube orchard of Southern Xinjiang.