战略联盟组合与企业绩效的关系研究——基于创业机会理论的视角

A Study of Relationship Between Alliance Portfolio and Enterprises' Performance from the Perspective of Entrepreneurial Opportunities

构建与管理战略联盟组合是目前企业界和理论界备受关注的战略议题。纵观国内外战略联盟组合的研究,创业机会理论为进一步探索战略联盟组合与企业绩效之间的复杂关系提供了一个更加契合的研究视角。基于创业机会的视角,战略联盟组合具有促进机会识别能力、促进机会开发能力以及促进机会执行能力三种性质的特征,并且相互影响共同促进企业绩效。通过对182家企业的调研,以联盟组合的功能多样化、价值链广度和联盟伙伴质量分别代表联盟组合促进机会识别、开发和执行三个性质的特征,可揭示在不同环境动荡性情况下,联盟组合特征的不同匹配模式将如何影响企业绩效。研究表明,联盟组合的功能多样化、价值链广度和伙伴质量之间存在显著的相互影响作用,共同提升企业绩效,而市场环境的稳定程度对联盟组合的有效性具有重要影响。

How to develop and manage a firm＇s alliance portfolio is an essential strategic topic that has drawn particular attention from scholars and practitioners. By reviewing, the literature on strategic alliance portfolio, we propose that the en- trepreneurial opportunity theory provides a unique and more appropriate perspective to understand the dynamic relationship between a firm＇s alliance portfolio and its performance. From the entrepreneurial opportunity perspective, alliance portfolio configurations can demonstrate characteristics that facilitate a firm＇s capacity for opportunity recognition, for opportunity de- velopment and for action execution ; these three types of capacity influence one another and jointly impact a firm＇s perform- ance. In this study, we use the three dimensions, i. e. , functional diversity, vertical scope and partner quality, to repre- sent respectively an alliance porffolio＇s three characteristics that help improve a firm＇s ability to recognize, develop and exe- cute opportunities. Using data from 182 firms, our analysis shows how different configurations of an alliance portfolio influ- ence a firm＇s performance under various fluctuating situations, and it is found that there is an interaetional impact among the functional diversity, vertical scope and partner quality of an alliance portfolio, which enhances a firm＇s performance, and that the level of stability of market environment has important impact on the efficiency of an alliance portfolio.