作为政治修辞的宪法——宪法的另一种面相乃至宪法的另一种类型

Constitution as Political Rhetoric: Another Side and Another Type of Constitution

宪法的政治修辞功能是其并行于人权保障、权力制约功能的另一面的功能,即观念形态上的政治正当性功能。宪法的政治修辞具体表现形态有:以专门条款确定国家符号,在宪法序言中诉诸普世价值、历史传承、文化传统,以特定条款修饰制宪权,政治独白式的宣告或认定。因此,"宪法何为"便可归结为实践层面的政治规范与观念层面的政治修辞,这便是宪法的两种面相。宪法在功能上必有侧重,其到了极致处,则造成宪法的两种类型。

Constitution as political rhetoric has the same function as protecting human rights and constraining power a- buse, hence the function of political legitimacy at the ideological level. Constitution as political rhetoric is characterized by establishing specific clauses confirming state symbols, taking recourse in its preamble to universal values, historical herit- age and cultural traditions, presenting specific clauses defining constitution-making power, as well as monological political declaration or confirmation. Thus, the question of ＂what does a constitution do＂ boils down to political norms at the practi- cal level and political rhetoric at the ideological level, which constitute the two sides of a constitution. This paper argues that any constitution has its functional emphasis which, on reaching its extremity, leads to two types of constitution.