效率演进视角下中国服务业行业发展异质性分析

Heterogeneity Analysis on the Development of China's Service Industry from the Efficiency Evolution Perspective

文章运用超越对数生产函数的随机前沿模型,对1990-2012年间中国服务业TFP进行了详细分解,从效率演化的视角对各行业发展的异质性现象及其内在机制进行了分析。研究结果表明,我国服务业技术效率受政府财政支出、市场化改革的影响显著,进出口贸易和外商直接投资在技术结构交互式影响下,显著水平有所提高。服务业TFP增长的主导力量逐步由技术效率改进转变为技术进步,但技术进步缓慢且技术效率水平低下,服务业经济增长粗放型特征仍然明显。由于体制性障碍以及深层次问题的存在,导致服务业各行业配置效率和规模效率改进水平低下,部分行业的规模效率呈现出持续恶化的现象。

With the Translog Stochastic Frontier model to decompose the TFP of the service industry from 1990 to 2012, this article analyzes the heterogeneity of service industries from the perspective of efficiency evolution. The result shows that ： first, gov- ernment expenditure and market-oriented reform have a positive effect on technical efficiency. Because of the interactive influence from the technology structural change, the significance level of import-export trade and FDI have improved. Secondly, the dominant factor of service industry TFP grows from technical efficiency change into technical progress, but the progress has been slow and the technical efficiency level is low, and the extensive features of service economic growth are still obvious. Thirdly, due to the system- atic obstacles and some other in-depth problems, the levels of scale efficiency and allocative efficiency are quite low, the scale effi- ciency of some sub-industries even shows a deteriorating phenomena.