2011—2013年广西农村垃圾和污水处理监测分析

Monitoring on the rubbish and sewage treatments in rural areas of Guangxi province from 2011 to 2013

目的了解广西农村垃圾和污水处理现状及其动态变化,为农村环境卫生治理提供科学依据。方法采用统一的调查表,通过访谈、现场观察等收集有关垃圾和污水处理的相关资料。结果从2011年至2013年,广西农村生活垃圾从以随意堆放为主(66.03%)转为以定点堆放为主(66.90%);生活垃圾处理方式以焚烧为主,从58.10%上升到67.93%;工业垃圾处理以填埋为主,从36.07%上升到53.85%,其次为焚烧,从21.15%上升到36.84%;养殖业垃圾处理以再利用为主,从36.39%上升到51.57%,其次为高温堆肥,从32.51%上升到40.36%。农村生活污水随意排放率从2011年的65.17%下降到2013年的31.21%;排放地点以坑塘为主,其次为河流和农田。3年间,工业污水处理后排放的比例从44.19%上升到53.33%;养殖业污水处理后排放的比例从28.80%上升到32.15%。结论广西农村垃圾和污水卫生处理现状有所改善,但处理设施仍匮乏,存在各种影响健康的危险因素,亟需采取措施予以改善。

Objective To understand the present situation and trend of rubbish and sewage disposal treatments in rural areas of Guangxi province. Method Monitoring data on rubbish and sewage treatment were collected by interview and observation in field using of uniform questionnaire. Results The common means of rubbish collecting in rural areas of Guangxi was piling up randomly in 2011 （66.03%） and changed to piling up in the specified sites （66.09%） in 2013. The main method for rubbish treatment was burning, which accounted for a proportion of 58.10% in 2011 and rose to 67.93% in 2013. The main methods for treatment of industry waste were dumping （36.07%-53.85%）, burning （21.15%-36.84%）. The main methods for treatment of livestock waste were recycling （36.39%-51.57%）, composting in high temperature （32.51%-40.36%）. Discharge of sewage was improved dramatically with rate of discharge freely declining from 65.17% in 2011 to 31.21% in 2013, and the rate of discharge in open drain and closed drain was 38.62% and 23.97%. The main discharge sites were hollows or ponds （41.21%-47.93%）, followed by rivers and farmlands. The proportion of disposal industry waste waters after treatment rose from 44.19% in 2011 to 53.33% in 2013, the proportion of disposal livestock waste after treatment rose from 28.80% to 32.15% in the period. Conclusions Although sanitation status of rural waste and sewage treatments shows some improvement, treatment facilities were scarce and various health-related risk factors still exist. Hence improving measures ware needed urgently.