基于留鼎铭文“匹马束丝”的纺织度量考辨

Studying on the measurement units of textile based on inscription of Hu Ding

对于智鼎铭文中“匹马束丝”之“柬”的解读，考古学界很少关注，导致出现了一些错误的观点，造成谬误一再流传，皆因中国古代纺织度量系统研究缺席所致。基于对中国古代纺织度量的系统研究和分析，文章认为：智鼎铭文中“匹马束丝”的“柬”乃织物规格的度量，1束=5匹，非传统历史学界认为的捆扎容积单位；传统观点“匹马束丝”作为中国奴隶社会时奴隶生活悲惨的所谓“铁证”是错误的．“匹马束丝换五夫”相反证明丝织品的珍贵和劳动力一一虻在当时社会中的重要性和价值；南唐徐锴的蚕丝度量是有问题的．他把认识问题说成了工艺问题，其相关论断不可信；1两=1匹=2端=4丈=5寻=40尺、1束=5匹、1纯=2两或5两：文学作品中“九张机”、“百张机”、“四张机”中的“张”并非织物规格单位而是操作织机的意思；对古代织物精密程度单位“升”进行现代性解读，以期更好地弘扬中国古代纺织文化，同时“升”也是反映古代纺织品质量的一个重要标志。

Many archaeologists ignored the explanation ＂shu＂ of ＂pi ma shu si＂ in the inscription of HuDing, it led to some mistakes and misunderstandings, thus some fallacies spread repeatedly. Based on systemic research and analysis on measurement units in ancient China, this study holds that ＂Shu＂ is a measurement unit for fabric specification, 1 Shu=5 Pi, and is not bundle and bulk unit held by many archaeologists; it is improper that ＂pi ma shu si＂ was a compelling evidence for the miserable life of slavers in ancient China, instead it proves the valuableness of silk fabrics and labour force ＂mang＂; Xu Kai ＂view on the measurement of silk is questionable, he presented cognition problem as technology problem; 1 Liang=l Pi=2 Duan--4 Chang=5 Xun=g0 Chi, 1 Shu=5 Pi,1 Chun=2 Liang or 5 Liang; Character ＂Zhang＂ in some Chinese Song Poems, for example ＂Jiu Zhang Ji＂, ＂Bai Zhang Ji＂ and ＂Si Zhang Ji＂, is not a measurement unit for fabric specification, but the presentation of operation of loom; we present ＂Sheng＂ of warp density measurement unit in ancient China with warp density measurement now in order to inherit textile culture in ancient China.