滇池湖滨带3种类型土壤理化性质研究

Three Types of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties along Lakeside of Lake Dianchi

选取滇池湖滨带沼泽土、冲积土、水稻土为研究对象，测定其理化性质，分析引起土壤理化性质变化的原因，以及水田耕作和人为干扰对滇池湖滨带土壤的影响。研究结果表明：水田耕作使土壤肥力下降，土质变劣；水稻田施肥带来的面源污染，是引起富营养化和滇池湿地退化的潜在因素。修堤致使滇池水位变化，湖滨带冲积土淹于水下而形成人工湿地；冲积土壤有机质含量低，但速效磷、速效钾快速释放，有利于种植水生植物。

Swamp soil, alluvial soil, paddy soil along lakeside of lake Dianchi were selected as the research objects, and their physical and chemical properties were determined, meanwhile, the reason caused the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, and the effects of the paddy cultivation and human disturbance on the lake Dianchi have been analyzed. The results showed that the paddy cultivation decreased soil fertility, soil quality became worse; Rice paddies fertilization leaded to non-point source pollution, which was implicit factors of eutrophication and degradation of the Dianchi wetland. Dike con- struction in Dianchi lake could cause water level change, alluvial soil of lakeside submerged into water and formed a artificial wetland, alluvial soil with lower organic matter content, could rapid release available phosphorus and potassium, was favorable to grow aquatic plants.