气候因素对云南石漠化治理的影响与对策

Impact of Climatic Factors on Desertification Control and Its Countermeasures in Yunnan Province

对云南省不利于石漠化治理的气候因素进行了分析研究,结果表明,在全国8个有石漠化分布的省(市、区)中,云南石漠化分布区总体上属于半湿润气候区,其他7个省(市、区)属于湿润气候区,与之相比,云南的降雨量偏少。云南属干湿分明的高原季风气候,漫长干季极不利于石漠化地区的植被恢复,湿季过于集中的降雨又加剧了其土壤侵蚀。干热河谷石漠化地区在上述气候背景下,叠加了"焚风效应"和"岩溶干旱"的影响,在三重效应的共同作用下,使云南干热河谷地区的石漠化治理成为世界性技术难题。气候变化背景下的极端气候进一步加剧了云南石漠化治理的难度。针对基于气候因素对云南石漠化治理产生的影响,提出了相应的对策措施。

Climatic factors going against rocky desertification control in Yunnan Province have been analyzed. The results show that among eight rocky desertification distributed provinces（ municipalities,regions） in the country,the rocky desertification distributed area of Yunnan generally belongs to semi-humid climate zone,the other seven provinces（ municipalities,regions） are of humid climate. By comparison,there are less than normal rainfall in that of Yunnan. The climate of Yunnan belongs to distinct wet and dry plateau monsoon climate. The long dry season is extremely unfavorable to vegetation restoration in the desertification areas,while the too concentrated rainfall in wet season has exacerbated soil erosion.The above mentioned Hot and Dry Valley climate scenario of desertification areas,has superimposed the effect of ＂ foehn effect＂ and ＂ karst drought＂. With the combined action of the triple effects,rocky desertification control of Dry and Hot Valley area in Yunnan has become a worldwide technical problem.Extreme climate under the context of climate change has further exacerbated the control difficulty. Aiming at the impacts of these climatic factors,corresponding countermeasures has been put forward in this paper.