法律文本中“公共利益”的法规范分析——以类型理论为视角

The Normative Analysis of “Public Interest” in the Legal Text—from a Type Theory Perspective

我国在众多的法律中使用了"公共利益"这一法律用语,但却未能作出明确的定义,这就为"公共利益"的法律适用带来了困扰。为了增强法律的确定性和可操作性,有效地保障公民的合法权益,有必要以类型化的视角重构"公共利益"条款。根据法律规范内容的不同,我国现行法中的"公共利益"可以分离为四种类型:立法目的型、权力界限型、权利限制型以及例示型。但在公共利益类型的认定上,我国现行法尚缺乏完整的认定体系。因此,"公共利益"条款的类型化重构除了继续肯定行政机关和司法机关的认定职能外,还应当明确立法机关的认定职能,并以例示规定的方式增加法律文本中"公共利益"的确定性。

The legal term ＂public interest＂is used in many laws,but failed to make a clear definition,which has brought a problem for the law application of＂public interest＂.In order to enhance legal certainty and maneuverability,and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens effectively,it is necessary to reconstruct the＂public interest＂terms from a type perspective.According to the different content of legal norms,＂public interest＂can be separated into four types in our current laws：the type of legislation objectives,the type of power boundaries,the type of right limitations,and the type of exemplification.But the current laws lack a complete judged-system in the judgment of the public interest types.Therefore,the reconstruction of the＂public interest＂terms,apart from continuing to affirm the functions of the executive and the judiciary,should clearly recognize the functions of the legislature;＂public interest＂certainty should be increased by exemplary provisions in the legal text.