加拿大农业支持政策改革的效果及其启示

Reform effects and implications of Canada's agricultural support policy

加拿大20世纪30年代以来持续改革调整农业政策形成了现行的以农业"未来增长的政策框架(二)"为核心的一揽子政策。基于生产者支持估计法的评估结果表明:加拿大农业支持政策改革效果明显,形成了以农业风险管理为核心、非风险管理为补充的农业支持框架,创造了一个充满创新与活力、富有竞争力和适应力的农业部门。对于中国具有如下启示:应加快改革农业管理体制,探索由中央政府—省级政府—市县政府联合构建"一体化"农业支持政策;加快完善农业风险管理体系,进一步优化政策组合,发挥好价格支持与挂钩补贴的互补作用;加强对关键敏感产品的支持和保护,加强对提高农业竞争力、适应力和可持续发展能力项目的政策支持。

Canada government constructs the package of agricultural policies through continually policy reform from the 1930s, which current takes Growing Forward 2 Policy Framework as the core of agriculture. Using producer support estimates （PSE） method to assessment Canada＇s agricultural support policy reform, the result shows Canada＇s agriculture sector is full of innovation, dynamic, competitiveness and adaptability due to supporting by business risk management （that is BMR） and Non-BMR programme for agriculture. There are important implications for China＇s agricultural support policies reform in transition period, such as： form the integration agricultural support policy which joint the central government, provincial government and county government through agricultural management institution reform, construct business risk management for agricultural and take advantage of market price support measures and direct payments linked agricultural production through the polices optimization, protect the sensitive products and support to improve agricultural competitiveness, adaptability and sustainable development programme.