农户土地征收补偿机制公平性缺失与变革

Lack of just compensation mechanism of peasant household land expropriation and mechanism reform

土地征收过程中农户的土地权益主要包括成员权与承包经营权,而这两者都难以保障农户公平性补偿机制的实现。在西方国家,征地补偿在立法原则、具体规则及司法实践中强调公共利益的实现必须以私人利益获得充分补偿为前提。包括"平度案"在内的征地纠纷之所以产生,其根源在于追求公共利益名义下的巨大商业利益分配不公,农户的合法权益得不到有效维护。农户土地征收补偿机制亟需进行公平性变革。结合中国现行法律制度,应该明确并强化承包经营权的用益物权属性,补偿标准应该考虑到征地后的土地开发收益;改革现有成员权的权利结构,农户应该联合组成独立于村委会甚至政府的特定机构与开发商直接进行补偿协商。

Farmers＇ interests in land in the process of land expropriation mainly include membership right and contract for the managerial right, while neither of the rights could guarantee the fairness of peasants＇ compensation mechanism. In western countries, considering from legislative principle, concrete rules and juridical practice, the compensation for land requisitioned emphasizes that the full compensation of individual is the prerequisite of the realization of public interests. The reason causing land confiscation conflicts including ＂Pindu＂case is that the huge commercial interests was distributed unevenly under the name of pursuing public interests, and farmers＇ interests could not be protected. Hence, the compensation mechanism for land requisitioned need equality reform which should include following： define clearly the feature of contract for the managerial right as usufructuary right, and consider the land development income when making compensation standard, reform the structure of the membership right so as to ensure the peasant household can negotiate directly with land developers in an equal position.