饮用水预处理和深度处理工艺对有机物去除的特征研究

The Removal Characteristics of Organic Matter by Pre-treatment Process and Advanced Treatment Process in Water Treatment Works

水体中溶解性有机物(DOM)是饮用水处理的重点控制对象和饮用水安全保障的关注焦点。以长三角地区某典型自来水厂为研究对象,基于总有机碳、UV254、三维荧光等指标,考察饮用水预处理、常规处理、深度处理工艺对水中有机物的去除与变化特征。结果表明,预处理工艺和深度处理工艺能够去除水体中的有机物和氨氮;常规处理工艺对总磷的去除达到71.7%。采用PARAFAC(平行因子分析)算法深入解析工艺流程中不同水样的荧光光谱,解析出3个有效PARAFAC荧光组分,包括络氨酸类蛋白物质(C1)、腐植酸类物质(C2)和色氨酸类蛋白物质(C3)。色氨酸、络氨酸类蛋白有机物是水中有机物的主要成分。其中预处理工艺中的臭氧预氧化对三类PARAFAC荧光组分的去除率分别为33.9%、28.9%和24.7%;深度处理工艺中的生物活性炭对三类荧光组分也有较高的去除率,分别为28.4%、22.0%和35.4%。PARAFAC荧光组分与总有机碳具有较高的相关性,能较好反映并预测水中有机物浓度。

Dissolved Organic Matter （DOM ） in water is the important control object in the water treatment process ,and is the focus of drinking water safety and security .Based on total organic matter ,UV254 ,three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum ,this paper investigates the removal and change of organic matter in pre-treatment process ,conventional treatment process ,and advanced treat-ment process .The results show that pre-treatment process ,and advanced treatment process can effectively remove organic matter and ammonia in water , while conventional treatment process can remove 71 .7% of total phosphorus . Parallel factor analysis （PARAFAC） is used to deeply analyze fluorescence spectra of water samples and extract three effective fluorescence components ,in-cluding tyrosine-like protein substances （C1） ,humic-like substances （C2） ,and tryptophan-like protein substances （C3） .DOM of water samples is dominated by tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like protein substances .The three PARAFAC components needing to be removed by pre-ozonation in pre-treatment process are 33 .9% ,28 .9% ,and 24 .7% ,while three PARAFAC components needing to be removed by biological activated carbon in advanced treatment process are 28 .4% ,22 .0% ,and 35 .4% .PARAFAC components have a high correlation with TOC ,and can reflect and predict TOC concentration .