沙封膜孔对土壤水盐环境及向日葵幼苗生长的影响

The Effect of Sand Hole Sealing Membrane on the Soil Water and Salt Environment and Sunflower Seedling Growth

为了提高河套灌区盐碱地向日葵的出苗率和存活率，试验采用了沙封膜孔，土封膜孔和常规种植三种种植方式。在向日葵的播种前、出苗期和幼苗期分别监测不同处理0～100 cm的土壤水分、盐分及向日葵出苗率和幼苗生长状况。结果表明：在向日葵播种前，不同处理土壤含水率、土壤盐分均无差异，在出苗期和幼苗期出现差异且幼苗期差异更显著。在幼苗期沙封膜孔较常规种植在0～10 cm土层土壤含水率降低了15．79％，土壤盐分降低了23．13％，在10～20 cm土层土壤含水率降低了14．51％，土壤盐分降低了26．19％，沙封膜孔较土封膜孔在0～10 cm 土层土壤含水率降低了9．1％，土壤盐分降低了6．61％，在10～20 cm 土层土壤含水率降低了6．78％，土壤盐分降低了11．43％，在大于40 cm土层以下的土壤含水率和盐分基本保持一致，没有差异。沙封膜孔的出苗率和存活率较常规种植，分别提高了23．42％和20．96％。沙封膜孔促进向日葵幼苗的生长，株高、茎粗、根系深度和幅度都有不同程度的增加，地上部分和地下部分的生物量显著增加。河套灌区盐碱地地膜采用沙封膜孔种植，可降低土壤含水率，阻碍土壤盐分表聚，提高了向日葵出苗率和存活率。

In order to improve the saline-alkali land Hetao Irrigation District sunflower seedling emergence and survival of test used sand sealing film hole ,soil sealing film hole and conventionally grown three planting ways .In sunflower before sowing ,seedling and seedling period monitoring of different processing of 0-100 cm soil water ,salt and the status of the sunflower seedling emergence and seedling growth .Results show that before the sunflower seeds ,different treatments of soil moisture content ,soil salinity had no differences ,differences in seedling stage and seedling stage and seedling stage difference is more significant .In seedling stage sand sealing film hole more conventionally grown in 0-10 cm soil layer soil moisture content decreased by 15 .79% ,the soil salt decreased by 23 .13% ,10-20 cm soil layer soil moisture content decreased by 14 .51% ,the soil salt decreased by 26 .19% ,sand sealing film hole sealing film hole from soil in 0-10 cm soil layer soil moisture content decreased by 9 .1% ,the soil salt decreased by 6 .61% ,10-20 cm soil layer soil moisture content decreased by 6 .78% ,the soil salt decreased by 11 .43% ,in more than 40 cm soil layer below the soil moisture content and salt mass fraction basic consistent ,with no difference .The seedling emergence and survival of sealing film hole is conventionally grown ,increased by 23 .42% and 23 .42% respectively .Sand sealing film holes promote sunflower seed-ling growth ,plant height ,stem diameter ,root depth and rate increased significantly ,aerial part and underground part of the biomass increased significantly .Hetao Irrigation Area Saline-alkali mulch use sealing film hole planting of sand ,which can reduce the soil moisture content ,hinder the soil salt tables together ,raised the sunflower seedling emergence and survival .