农田水位调控对水稻根系活力和产量的影响

The Effect of Controlled Water Level on Root Activity and Yield of Rice

以稻田水位作为调控指标,通过测坑控水试验,研究受涝、受旱两种控水条件对水稻分蘖期、拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期和乳熟期根系活力状况和产量及其构成因子的影响。结果表明:受旱处理能增强根系活力,延缓根系衰老,抽穗开花期受旱对水稻根系活力的促进效果最为显著;稻田淹水会降低根系活力;水稻各生育期受涝或受旱处理都会影响最终产量,受旱的影响大于受涝;分蘖期受旱会显著降低有效穗数;水位调控对穗粒数、结实率和千粒重的影响不显著;拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期受涝或是受旱都会对穗粒数产生不利影响;抽穗开花期和乳熟期受旱处理对千粒重最不利。

Experiments were conducted to study root activity ,yield and component factors of rice on the condition of flood and drought during the tillering stage ,jointing and booting stage ,sprouting and blooming stage ,and milky ripe stage ,with the water level of the paddy field being the control index by test pits .The results show that rice drought enhances root activity ,delay root senescence ,rice drought at the sprouting and blooming stage is most conducive to enhancing root activity .Rice flood reduces root activity ;final yield is affected during different growth stages on the condition of flood and drought ,the drought impact is greater .Rice drought at the tillering stage will reduce the effective panicle number significantly .There are no significant differences in grain num-ber per spike ,seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight under water level control .Rice flood and drought at the jointing and booting stages ,sprouting and blooming stage have unfavorable effects on the grain number per spike .Rice drought at the sprouting and blooming stage ,milky ripe stage is most unfavorable to 1000-grain weight .