敦煌本《甘棠集》贺冬状的文化背景和文本价值

Cultural Background and Text Feature of the Hedongzhuang Papers of the Gantangji from Dunhuang Manuscripts

敦煌《甘棠集》88篇表、状、书、启中,贺冬状占21篇(其中一篇有目无辞),比例几达25%。《甘棠集》的贺冬状是冬至节文化的直接产物,体现了将天德与人德相配的观念。这些贺状有两个显著的文本特征,其一是结构的模式化,即:指出时变节至(天)——称誉对方盛德(人)——感谢提携之恩(己),3个部分环环相扣;其二是语句的程式化,一般都是以典雅的语句来表情达意,每篇的用词也具有高度的相似性。

The Gantangji from Dunhuang Manuscripts consists of 88 articles,including Biao, Zhuang,Shu and Qi, of which there are 22 Hedongzhuang papers,accouting for almost 25%. They were the product of the winter solstice culture and embodied the theory of unity of man and nature. These Hedongzhuang papers have two notable text feature. One of the feature is they have same text structure, namely, First, the season have transformed to the winter solstice, then the author praises the noble virtues of the recipient of the paper,and finally the author appreciate the recipient for his promotion. All of above three parts are linked together, the other is these papers have highly stylized expression. Usually, they express emotion with elegant and similarity language.